Carbene-Functionalized Ruthenium Nanoparticles

Chen, Wei; Davies, James R.; Ghosh, Debanjan; Tong, Moony C.; Konopelski, Joseph P.; Chen, Shaowei

doi:10.1021/cm061595l

Cited by 65 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is anticipated that similar discrete charge transfer behavior will be observed with other transition-metal nanoparticles within a similar size range (e.g., Ru, 44 Ag, 45 Pd, 46 etc) that have already been found to exhibit electrochemical quantized charging in electrolyte solutions. Yet for semiconductor nanoparticle solids, the main complication arises from the particle bandgap which results in minimum conductance within a very large potential range in I-V measurements.…”

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confidence: 70%

Discrete charge transfer in nanoparticle solid films

Chen

2007

J. Mater. Chem.

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A brief overview of the recent progress in single electron transfer (SET) in nanoparticle solid films is presented. In these studies, Langmuir-based techniques were employed to control the interparticle interactions, and the ensemble conductivity was evaluated by electrochemical measurements. Deliberate manipulation of the ensemble structure and temperature led to the optimization of the conductivity properties where SET was initiated across a nanoparticle solid film.

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confidence: 70%

Discrete charge transfer in nanoparticle solid films

Chen

2007

J. Mater. Chem.

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“…Taking into account the concentration of vinylpyrene (3 mM), the corresponding second-order rate constant was evaluated to be 1.13 × 10 -2 M -1 s -1 , which is highly comparable to that of metathesis reactions of RudC8 nanoparticles with 11-bromo-1-undecene. 8 A comparative study was also carried out with RudC8 nanoparticles (0.01 mg/mL) and 1-bromopyrene (3 mM). Figure 4 shows the emission spectra acquired after the solution was mixed for different periods of time (up to 76 h).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrene-Functionalized Ruthenium Nanoparticles: Novel Fluorescence Characteristics from Intraparticle Extended Conjugation

et al. 2009

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Ruthenium nanoparticles functionalized with pyrene moieties were prepared by olefin metathesis reactions of carbenestabilized nanoparticles with 1-vinylpyrene and 1-allylpyrene (referred to as RudVPy and RudAPy, respectively). 1 H NMR spectroscopic measurements showed that the surface concentration of the pyrene moieties was 26.4 and 22.9%, respectively. In fluorescence measurements, RudVPy nanoparticles exhibited two prominent emission bands at 392 and 490 nm, very similar to those of (E)-1,2-di(pyren-1-yl)ethene, suggesting that the particle-bound pyrene moieties might behave equivalently to pyrene dimers with a conjugated linker by virtue of the Rudcarbene π bonds. In sharp contrast, RudAPy nanoparticles displayed only a single emission peak at 392 nm, consistent with monomeric pyrene derivatives of 1-vinylpyrene and 1-allylpyrene. This implies that the intraparticle extended conjugation might be effectively turned off by the insertion of an sp 3 carbon into the chemical linker that bound the pyrene moieties onto the nanoparticles. In addition, RudVPy nanoparticles exhibited a rather long lifetime of the emission at 490 nm, as compared to that of the conjugated pyrene dimer, suggesting that the nanoparticles might be less prone to photobleaching. This is attributed to the neighboring organic protecting ligands that may create a more rigid chemical environment for the nanoparticle-bound pyrene moieties and thus prolong the life of the excited state, as compared to the strong electrostatic perturbations which exist in free solution when surrounded by a polar solvent.

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“…These properties include strong photoluminescence [6,7], high (electro) catalytic activities [5,26], quantized capacitance charging (or single electron transfer) [27][28][29]. These metal nanoclusters with novel properties show great potential applications in fluorescence analysis, chemical/biosensors, optoelectronic devices and biological labeling etc.…”

Section: Properties Of Copper Nanoclustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper nanoclusters: Synthesis, characterization and properties

2012

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Metal nanoclusters with a core size smaller than 2 nm have attracted much attention because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Among the studied metal nanoclusters, gold and silver have been studied extensively by size-controlled synthesis, structural characterization and properties investigations. Recently, considerable research effort has been devoted to the investigation of copper nanoclusters. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the study of copper nanoclusters in terms of synthesis methods, characterization techniques and their novel optical and catalytic properties. copper, nanoclusters, fluorescence, electrocatalyst, nanomaterials, synthesis Citation: Metal nanoclusters have attracted considerable attention because of their unique size-dependent properties such as photoluminescence [1], intrinsic magnetism [2], electrochemical characteristics [3], chirality [4] and catalysis [5], which deviate significantly from those of their corresponding bulk metals and large nanoparticles. Metal nanoclusters with a core size comparable to the Fermi wavelength of an electron bridge the gap between molecules and nanoparticles. In the past decade, noble metal nanoclusters (mainly Au and Ag) have been extensively synthesized and studied using alkanethiols and other ligands as protecting agents by taking advantage of the strong affinity of thiol, amido or phosphine groups to noble metal surfaces and their excellent stability in different media [6][7][8]. Copper is widely used in industry because of its high conductivity, similar properties to gold and silver and much lower cost. However, compared to the extensive studies on gold and silver, reports on copper nanoclusters are still scarce primarily because of their susceptibility to oxidation and the difficulty in preparing extremely tiny particles. Recently, several methods have been successfully developed to synthesize tiny copper nanoclusters and monolayer-protected clusters with unique optical and catalytic properties [9][10][11][12][13][14]. In this review, we will initially focus on the synthesis techniques that have been used for copper nanocluster preparation such as template-based syntheses, electrochemical methods, water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion techniques, the typical Brust-Schiffrin method and microwave-assisted polyol synthesis. We then summarize the often used techniques for the structural and optical characterizations of copper nanoclusters such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM techniques, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FT-IR measurements, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and mass spectrometry etc. We also discuss the properties of copper nanoclusters that have recently been discovered. Finally, we give some concluding remarks and the outlook for research into copper nanoclusters in the near future.

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Carbene-Functionalized Ruthenium Nanoparticles

Cited by 65 publications

References 42 publications

Discrete charge transfer in nanoparticle solid films

Discrete charge transfer in nanoparticle solid films

Pyrene-Functionalized Ruthenium Nanoparticles: Novel Fluorescence Characteristics from Intraparticle Extended Conjugation

Copper nanoclusters: Synthesis, characterization and properties

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