Carbocatalytic dehydration of xylose to furfural in water

Comparison of cellulose nanocrystals obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis and ammonium persulfate, to be used as coating on flexible food-packaging materials

“…The two peak around 1700 cm-1 were identified. FTIR spectra of the different CNCs show distinct ν(C=O)stretching peaks from 1735 cm-1 assigned to the COOH, 1613 cm-1 assigned to the COO-Na+ and around 1630 cm-1assigned to the COO-NH4+ respectively as reported in literature in Lam et al, 2013. In this specific case we tested, with the FTIR technique, the CNCs in acidic form (pH=2), so we are able to identify the COOH peak (1735 cm-1) and the peak of COO-NH4+(1630 cm-1).…”

Noninvasive Cell-Based Impedance Spectroscopy for Real-Time Probing Inhibitory Effects of Graphene Derivatives

“…As previously reported, SEM images of the three graphene derivatives adopt a crumpled, layered structure with sheetlike appearances in their LVTEM images (not shown). 10 AFM images of the three graphene derivatives dried on a mica surface show that the nanosheets have a thickness of about 1 nm (Figure 1).…”

“…The structure and chemical composition of the graphene derivatives were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) (Hitachi S 2600N SEM, Hitachi Scientific Instruments, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a microanalysis detector for EDX (Inca x-act, Oxford Analytical Instruments, Abington, UK), low voltage transmission electron microscopy (LVTEM) (Delong LVEM, Soquelec, Montreal, QC, Canada), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR spectrophotometer), Raman spectroscopy (LabRAM HR 800, Horiba/Jobin-Yvon, Longjumeau, France) equipped with an Ar-ion 514.5 nm laser operating at 200 mW, as described previously. 10 Further structural characterization was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Dimension 3100 with a NanoScope IV controller, Veeco Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA) using tapping mode with a silicon cantilever (MPP-11100, spring constant ∼40 N/m, resonance frequency ∼300 kHz, NanoDevices, CA) at scan rates of 0.5 Hz with 512×512 pixels. ζ-potential of graphene derivatives (400 μg/ mL) in water and SF-900 II medium (Gibco BRL, Canadian Life Technologies, Burlington, ON, Canada) were determined using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) in triplicate.…”

“…8 SG acts as a water-stable catalyst for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate, 9 whereas SGO is capable of dehydrating xylose to furfural in water. 10 Graphene has proven as a promising biocompatible scaffold that does not hamper the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells, but accelerates their specificd i fferentiation into bone cells. 11 The safety issue with regard to potential toxic/cytotoxic responses is of utmost importance for large scale production and applications of such nanomaterials.…”

Comparison of Solid Acid-Catalyzed and Autocatalyzed C5 and C6 Sugar Dehydration Reactions with Water as a Solvent

“…The dehydration of C5 and C6 sugars produces furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which have significant potential as such or as intermediate products for the production of various chemicals [1]. The dehydration reactions are acid-catalyzed reactions and commercially homogeneous mineral acids are typically used, such as sulfuric acid [2]. In spite of the high dehydration activity of homogeneous acids [3], there has been widespread interest in introducing heterogeneous solid acid catalysts to dehydration reactions to enhance safety and sustainability by replacing corrosive acids and to ease catalyst separation in the process [4].…”