Carbohydrate Content, Fructan and Sucrose Enzyme Activities in Roots, Stubble and Leaves of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as Affected by Source/Sink Modification after Cutting

Prud'Homme, Marie-Pascale; Gonzalez, B.; Billard, J. P.; Boucaud, J.

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81080-1

Cited by 164 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These organic acids serve several purposes, the major ones being: (1) malate acts as a counteranion to prevent alkalinization (Martinoia and Rentsch, 1994), and (2) organic acids act as carbon precursors for amino acids (Morot-Gaudry et al, 2001). Most of these studies have been performed in starch-accumulating plants like Arabidopsis, and it should be noted here that L. perenne, like many other cool-season grasses, does not accumulate starch in vegetative organs, but instead water-soluble fructans (Fru polymers) that are stored in the vacuole and serve as the major reserve carbohydrate (Pollock and Jones, 1979;Gordon et al, 1980;Prud'homme et al, 1992;Pavis et al, 2001). The fact that we also see a decrease in these carbohydrates at high nitrate supply suggests that comparable processes as described for starch accumulators are operating in fructan-accumulating plants as well.…”

Section: Effects Of High N Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Profiles ofLolium perenneAre Differentially Affected by Nitrogen Supply, Carbohydrate Content, and Fungal Endophyte Infection

et al. 2008

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Lolium perenne cultivars differing in their capacity to accumulate water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) were infected with three strains of fungal Neotyphodium lolii endophytes or left uninfected. The endophyte strains differed in their alkaloid profiles. Plants were grown at two different levels of nitrogen (N) supply in a controlled environment. Metabolic profiles of blades were analyzed using a variety of analytical methods. A total of 66 response variables were subjected to a principle components analysis and factor rotation. The first three rotated factors (46% of the total variance) were subsequently analyzed by analysis of variance. At high N supply nitrogenous compounds, organic acids and lipids were increased; WSCs, chlorogenic acid (CGA), and fibers were decreased. The high-sugar cultivar 'AberDove' had reduced levels of nitrate, most minor amino acids, sulfur, and fibers compared to the control cultivar 'Fennema', whereas WSCs, CGA, and methionine were increased. In plants infected with endophytes, nitrate, several amino acids, and, magnesium were decreased; WSCs, lipids, some organic acids, and CGA were increased. Regrowth of blades was stimulated at high N, and there was a significant endophyte 3 cultivar interaction on regrowth. Mannitol, a fungal specific sugar alcohol, was significantly correlated with fungal biomass. Our findings suggest that effects of endophytes on metabolic profiles of L. perenne can be considerable, depending on host plant characteristics and nutrient supply, and we propose that a shift in carbon/N ratios and in secondary metabolite production as seen in our study is likely to have impacts on herbivore responses.

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Section: Effects Of High N Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Profiles ofLolium perenneAre Differentially Affected by Nitrogen Supply, Carbohydrate Content, and Fungal Endophyte Infection

et al. 2008

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“…In temperate grasses, a much higher 1-FEH to 1-SST ratio can be derived from data in the literature (Wagner and Wiemken, 1989;Prud'homme et al, 1992;Bancal and Triboï, 1993). It can be speculated that temperate grass plants (at least in certain parts like e.g.…”

Section: Putative Functions Of Fehsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructan 1-Exohydrolases. β-(2,1)-Trimmers during Graminan Biosynthesis in Stems of Wheat? Purification, Characterization, Mass Mapping, and Cloning of Two Fructan 1-Exohydrolase Isoforms,

et al. 2003

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Graminan-type fructans are temporarily stored in wheat (Triticum aestivum) stems. Two phases can be distinguished: a phase of fructan biosynthesis (green stems) followed by a breakdown phase (stems turning yellow). So far, no plant fructan exohydrolase enzymes have been cloned from a monocotyledonous species. Here, we report on the cloning, purification, and characterization of two fructan 1-exohydrolase cDNAs (1-FEH w1 and w2) from winter wheat stems. Similar to dicot plant 1-FEHs, they are derived from a special group within the cell wall-type invertases characterized by their low isoelectric points. The corresponding isoenzymes were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, and their mass spectra were determined by quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Characterization of the purified enzymes revealed that inulin-type fructans [␤-(2,1)] are much better substrates than levan-type fructans [␤-(2,6)]. Although both enzymes are highly identical (98% identity), they showed different substrate specificity toward branched wheat stem fructans. Although 1-FEH activities were found to be considerably higher during the fructan breakdown phase, it was possible to purify substantial amounts of 1-FEH w2 from young, fructan biosynthesizing wheat stems, suggesting that this isoenzyme might play a role as a ␤-(2,1)-trimmer throughout the period of active graminan biosynthesis. In this way, the species and developmental stage-specific complex fructan patterns found in monocots might be determined by the relative proportions and specificities of both fructan biosynthetic and breakdown enzymes.Starch is the most prominent storage carbohydrate in plants, but about 15% of flowering plant species use fructan (a Fru polymer) as a storage compound (Hendry, 1993). Inulin-type fructan consists of linear ␤-(2,1)-linked fructofuranosyl units and occur mainly in dicotyledonous species. Levan consists of linear ␤-(2,6)-linked fructofuranosyl units, but more complex and branched fructan types (graminan, inulin neoseries, and levan neoseries) are common in monocotyledonous species (Vijn and Smeekens, 1999;Pavis et al., 2001b) Next to their obvious role as reserve compounds, fructan might have other functions in plants like stress protectants (drought and cold) or osmoregulators (Vergauwen et al., 2000; Hincha et al., 2002, and refs. therein). Unlike starch, fructans are water soluble and are believed to be stored in the vacuole , although the exclusive vacuolar localization has been questioned .Although the metabolism of inulin has become clear in dicotyledonous species and the respective biosynthetic and breakdown enzymes have been cloned (Edelman and Jefford, 1968;Van den Ende and Van Laere, 1996a; van der Meer et al., 1998;Hellwege et al., 2000;Van den Ende et al., 2000, fructan metabolism in monocots is not yet completely unraveled. So far, four different fructosyltransferases, each with their own specificity, are believed to be involved in monocot fructan biosynthesis. In addition to inulin biosynthesis by Suc:Suc 1-fructosyl tr...

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“…the exposed photosynthetically active part of both mature and growing leaves) where it is allocated to respiration, cell maintenance and temporary storage (mainly as starch and sucrose). Most of the ®xed carbon is exported, probably as sucrose (Pollock and Farrar 1996), and partitioned into sink tissues which are either active sinks (leaf and root meristematic zones), where most of imported assimilates are used for growth , or storage sinks (leaf sheaths and mature roots) where the imported metabolites are stored as sucrose and fructans (Farrar 1985;Borland and Farrar 1989;Prud'homme et al 1992).…”

Section: Carbohydrate¯uxes Within a Recently Defoliated Tillermentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the fructans from leaf sheaths and from the elongating leaf bases in the regrowth following defoliation of Lolium perenne L.

Morvan‐Bertrand

Boucaud

Saos

et al. 2001

Planta

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115

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The study of carbohydrate metabolism in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bravo) during the first 48 h of regrowth showed that fructans from elongating leaf bases were hydrolysed first whereas fructans in mature leaf sheaths were degraded only after a lag of 1.5 h. In elongating leaf bases, the decline in fructan content occurred not only in the differentiation zone (30-60 mm from the leaf base), but also in the growth zone. Unlike other soluble carbohydrates, the net deposition rate of fructose remained positive and even rose during the first day following defoliation. The activity of fructan exohydrolase (FEH; EC 3.2.1.80) was maximal in the differentiation zone before defoliation and increased in all segments, but peaked in the growth zone after defoliation. These data strongly indicate that fructans stored in the leaf growth zone were hydrolysed and recycled in that zone to sustain the refoliation immediately after defoliation. Despite the depletion of carbohydrates, leaves of defoliated plants elongated at a significantly higher rate than those of undefoliated plants, during the first 10 h of regrowth. This can be partly attributed to the transient increase in water and nitrate deposition rate. The results are discussed in relation to defoliation tolerance.

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Carbohydrate Content, Fructan and Sucrose Enzyme Activities in Roots, Stubble and Leaves of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as Affected by Source/Sink Modification after Cutting

Cited by 164 publications

References 37 publications

Metabolic Profiles ofLolium perenneAre Differentially Affected by Nitrogen Supply, Carbohydrate Content, and Fungal Endophyte Infection

Metabolic Profiles ofLolium perenneAre Differentially Affected by Nitrogen Supply, Carbohydrate Content, and Fungal Endophyte Infection

Fructan 1-Exohydrolases. β-(2,1)-Trimmers during Graminan Biosynthesis in Stems of Wheat? Purification, Characterization, Mass Mapping, and Cloning of Two Fructan 1-Exohydrolase Isoforms,

Roles of the fructans from leaf sheaths and from the elongating leaf bases in the regrowth following defoliation of Lolium perenne L.

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