Carbohydrate Hydrolysis and Transport in the Extreme Thermoacidophile Sulfolobus solfataricus

Lalithambika, Sreedevi; Peterson, Landon; Dana, Karl; Blum, Paul H.

doi:10.1128/aem.01758-12

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A recent genetic study of cellodextrin hydrolysis and transport in a derivative of Sul. solfataricus strain 98/2 indicated that the homolog of the maltose transporter (binding protein SSO3053) of strain P2 is required for translocation of cellodextrins comprised of three to eight glucose units (G3 to G8) as well as maltose and, to a limited extent, glucose (501). The previously identified glucose transporter (binding protein SSO2847) was not required for glucose transport in this strain, as demonstrated by the unchanged growth of the deletion strain on glucose.…”

Section: Sulfolobus Solfataricusmentioning

confidence: 86%

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Archaea: Current Insights into Unusual Enzymes and Pathways and Their Regulation

Bräsen

Esser

Rauch

et al. 2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

279

294

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SUMMARY The metabolism of Archaea , the third domain of life, resembles in its complexity those of Bacteria and lower Eukarya . However, this metabolic complexity in Archaea is accompanied by the absence of many “classical” pathways, particularly in central carbohydrate metabolism. Instead, Archaea are characterized by the presence of unique, modified variants of classical pathways such as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway is only partly present (if at all), and pentose degradation also significantly differs from that known for bacterial model organisms. These modifications are accompanied by the invention of “new,” unusual enzymes which cause fundamental consequences for the underlying regulatory principles, and classical allosteric regulation sites well established in Bacteria and Eukarya are lost. The aim of this review is to present the current understanding of central carbohydrate metabolic pathways and their regulation in Archaea . In order to give an overview of their complexity, pathway modifications are discussed with respect to unusual archaeal biocatalysts, their structural and mechanistic characteristics, and their regulatory properties in comparison to their classic counterparts from Bacteria and Eukarya . Furthermore, an overview focusing on hexose metabolic, i.e., glycolytic as well as gluconeogenic, pathways identified in archaeal model organisms is given. Their energy gain is discussed, and new insights into different levels of regulation that have been observed so far, including the transcript and protein levels (e.g., gene regulation, known transcription regulators, and posttranslational modification via reversible protein phosphorylation), are presented.

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Section: Sulfolobus Solfataricusmentioning

confidence: 86%

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Archaea: Current Insights into Unusual Enzymes and Pathways and Their Regulation

Bräsen

Esser

Rauch

et al. 2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

279

294

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“…In these extreme habitats, lignocellulosic biomass from the nearby vegetation can experience chemical transformation in the hot and acid conditions, providing carbon sources to the microbial community of extremophiles. Consistently, several sequences encoding for GH and mono-, di- and oligo-transporters for sugars uptake are present in the genome of S. solfataricus [ 19 , 20 ]. Many of the characterized GHs from S. solfataricus showed potential hemicellulolytic activities (GH1, GH2, GH3, GH5, GH12, GH29, GH31, GH36, GH38, GH116), and even some genetic clusters could suggest the ability to hydrolyze hemicelluloses (e.g., S. solfataricus P2 Open reading frames (SSO), SSO1353 and SSO1354 encoding for enzymes with β-glucosidase/β-xylosidase and β-glucanase/β-xylanase activity, respectively) [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides Hydrolysis by Exo-Acting Glycoside Hydrolases from Hyperthermophilic Microorganism Saccharolobus solfataricus

Curci

Strazzulli

Iacono

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In the field of biocatalysis and the development of a bio-based economy, hemicellulases have attracted great interest for various applications in industrial processes. However, the study of the catalytic activity of the lignocellulose-degrading enzymes needs to be improved to achieve the efficient hydrolysis of plant biomasses. In this framework, hemicellulases from hyperthermophilic archaea show interesting features as biocatalysts and provide many advantages in industrial applications thanks to their stability in the harsh conditions encountered during the pretreatment process. However, the hemicellulases from archaea are less studied compared to their bacterial counterpart, and the activity of most of them has been barely tested on natural substrates. Here, we investigated the hydrolysis of xyloglucan oligosaccharides from two different plants by using, both synergistically and individually, three glycoside hydrolases from Saccharolobus solfataricus: a GH1 β-gluco-/β-galactosidase, a α-fucosidase belonging to GH29, and a α-xylosidase from GH31. The results showed that the three enzymes were able to release monosaccharides from xyloglucan oligosaccharides after incubation at 65 °C. The concerted actions of β-gluco-/β-galactosidase and the α-xylosidase on both xyloglucan oligosaccharides have been observed, while the α-fucosidase was capable of releasing all α-linked fucose units from xyloglucan from apple pomace, representing the first GH29 enzyme belonging to subfamily A that is active on xyloglucan.

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“…They also play important roles in pathogenicity and in maintenance of cell integrity, responses to environmental stresses, cell-to-cell communication, and cell differentiation (Eitinger et al, 2011). Bacteria and archaea harbor diverse ABC exporters important in secretion of extracellular enzymes, polysaccharides, toxins, antimicrobial agents and other compounds (Binet et al, 1997;Omori and Idei, 2003;Davidson and Chen, 2004;Dawson et al, 2007;Cuthbertson et al, 2009;Lalithambika et al, 2012). The gene association of biopolymer degradation enzymes with ABC ex-20 porters, usually within the same operon, facilitates secretion of extracellular enzymes (Omori and Idei, 2003).…”

Section: Interactive Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of the microbial carbon pump with special references to microbial respiration and ecological efficiency

Dang¹,

Jiao²

2014

Preprint

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Abstract. Although respiration consumes fixed carbon and produce CO2, it provides energy for essential biological processes of an ecosystem, including the microbial carbon pump (MCP). In MCP-driving biotransformation of labile DOC to recalcitrant DOC (RDOC), microbial respiration provides the metabolic energy for environmental organic substrate sensing, cellular enzyme syntheses and catalytic processes such as uptake, secretion, modification, fixation and storage of carbon compounds. The MCP efficiency of a heterotrophic microorganism is thus related to its energy production efficiency and hence to its respiration efficiency. Anaerobically respiring microbes usually have lower energy production efficiency and lower energy-dependent carbon transformation efficiency, and consequently lower MCP efficiency at per cell level. This effect is masked by the phenomena that anoxic environments often store more organic matter. Here we point out that organic carbon preservation and RDOC production is different in mechanisms, and anaerobically respiring ecosystems could also have lower MCP ecological efficiency. Typical cases can be found in large river estuarine ecosystems. Due to strong terrigenous input of nutrients and organic matter, estuarine ecosystems usually experience intense heterotrophic respiration processes that rapidly consume dissolved oxygen, potentially producing hypoxic and anoxic zones in the water column. The lowered availability of dissolved oxygen and the excessive supply of nutrients such as nitrate from river input prompt enhanced anaerobic respiration processes. Thus, some nutrients may be consumed by anaerobically respiring heterotrophic microorganisms, instead of being utilized by phytoplankton for carbon fixation and primary production. In this situation, the ecological functioning of the estuarine ecosystem is altered and the ecological efficiency is lowered, as less carbon is fixed and less energy is produced. Ultimately this would have negatively impacts on the ecological functioning and efficiency of the MCP which depends on both organic carbon and energy supply.

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Carbohydrate Hydrolysis and Transport in the Extreme Thermoacidophile Sulfolobus solfataricus

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Archaea: Current Insights into Unusual Enzymes and Pathways and Their Regulation

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Archaea: Current Insights into Unusual Enzymes and Pathways and Their Regulation

Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides Hydrolysis by Exo-Acting Glycoside Hydrolases from Hyperthermophilic Microorganism Saccharolobus solfataricus

Perspectives of the microbial carbon pump with special references to microbial respiration and ecological efficiency

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