Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy

Herrera, Emilio; Knopp, Robert H.; Freinkel, Norbert

doi:10.1172/jci106192

Cited by 227 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The developmental changes in plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, glucose and FFA and the levels during pregnancy and follow ing starvation are in agreement with previous reports [3,8,13,15,24,33,38]. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism behind the present unexpected finding of a significant rise in plasma glucose con centrations in 5-day-old starved rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Activity of D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase in Fetal, Infant and Adult Rat Brain and the Influence of Starvation

Dahlquist

Persson

1972

Neonatology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Activity of D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase in Fetal, Infant and Adult Rat Brain and the Influence of Starvation

Dahlquist

Persson

1972

Neonatology

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“…Concerning the actual approximated values for distribution space used for calculations, errors will affect all the results in the same way. However, the results in this study are in good accordance with reported findings in animals and adult humans (10,18,20,23,36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Ion-exchange chromatography has frequently been used to separate labeled glucose from charged, labeled compounds (1,23,27). In Table I1 it can be seen that the Rf value for pyruvate was very close to the lowest Rf value for glucose in system I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Gluconeogenesis in Infancy and Childhood: I. A Method for the Study of the in vivo Gluconeogenesis from Alanine and Glycerol

Vidnes

1976

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

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The in vivo gluconeogenesis from alanine and glycerol in infants and children was studied by an isotope method, using 14C-labeled substates with subsequent separation of the radioactive compounds by thin-layer chromatography. Seven patients, aged 2 months to 2 years 11 months, with normal carbohydrate metabolism were studied. Trace amounts of [14C]alanine were injected intravenously in four fasting patients. The 14C moved quickly from alanine to lactate, with a peak activity in lactate obtained before 5 min. From 10 min on, the label disappeared rapidly from both. An equilibrium was established between alanine and lactate, displaced towards lactate. The peak activity in glucose was reached in 10-20 min, amounting to 10% of total injected activity. In one patient, who was also studied after a meal, the disappearance rate of alanine was reduced by 50%. Despite this reduction the appearance of label in lactate was increased, whereas the amount of label in glucose was much reduced. [14C]glycerol was injected intravenously in three fasting patients. In one patient, who received only a tracer dose of glycerol, 5 times more 14C appeared in glucose than in the patients studied with [14C]alanine. In two patients receiving a glycerol load together with the [14C]glycerol, the disappearance rate of glycerol was markedly reduced, as was the conversion of carbon to glucose and lactate.

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“…The pellet was washed three times with 200 p1 distilled water. The supernate was then deionized using an ion exchange Pasteur pipette column which incorporated 1.5 cm of cation exchange resin, Dowex 50(H+) (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO), and 3 cm of the anion exchange resin, Duolite A-4(OH-) (Diamond Shamrock Chemical Co., Redwood City, CA) after the method of Herrera et al (10). Subsequently, because of unavailability of Duolite A-4(OH-), Dowex l(C1-) was used after the method of Vidnes (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Glucose Production during Constant Glucose Infusion in the Newborn Lamb

Cowett

Susa

et al. 1978

Pediatr Res

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SummaryPrompt diminution of endogenous hepatic glucose production is characteristic of the mature (adult) response to exogenous glucose infusion. We have tested the validity of this hypothesis in the neonatal period in 26 unanesthetized mixed breed term lambs and for comparison in eight 4-to 5-month-old mixed breed sheep. After a 7-hr fast, basal plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations were determined following which the term lambs received either no glucose or 5.7, 11.7, or 21.7 mg glucose/kg/min over a wriod of 6 hr. and the 5-month-old s h e e~ received either none or 5.7 mg glucose/kg/min. Glucose turnover was determined by the prime-constant infusion technique of Steele using 3H6 radiolabeled glucose during a 50-min turnover period which followed the 6-hr infusion of 0.45% saline or varying doses of glucose following the onset of fasting by 14 hr. Both newborn and adult animals maintained a constant plasma glucose concentration and glucose specific activity during the turnover period. Endogenous glucose production persisted in the term lamb until the exogenous glucose infusion reached the rate of 21.7 mg/kg/min. In contrast, the adult lambs reduced their endogenous glucose production with an esogenous glucose infusion rate of 5.7 mg/kg/min. At the time the endogenous glucose production rates were significantly reduced, the plasma insulin level in the newborn lamb was 5-fold greater than that of the adult sheep.Under steady state conditions of plasma glucose concentration and glucose specific activity, our data suggest that there is imprecise control of endogenous glucose production in the newborn lamb in contrast to the older sheep of 4-5 months of age. The absence of precise control may be due to decreased hepatic sensitivity for insulin.In the adult, when glucose is infused at a rate equal to or greater than endogenous glucose output, endogenous gl&ose pro&ction will be curtailed promptly as a result of precise hepatic control of glucose homeostasis (5, i5, 16, 18). If ihe glucos'e infusion rate and decreased hepatic output are balanced and peripheral utilization remains unchanged, plasma glucose concentration will be constant.Varma et al. (21) infused the newborn pup and adult dog with glucose estimated to be equal to or greater than the endogenous glucose production rate. The newborn pup failed to diminish endogenous glucose production and attain an equilibrium (steady state), but rather evidenced a rise in plasma glucose concentration over the 2-hr duration of the study with a nonsteady state. The adult, in contrast, reversed a n initial rise in plasma glucose concentration and established a new equilibrium within 90 min of exogenous glucose infusion. It was speculated that this difference in neonatal and adult responses to exogenous glucose infusion was due to decreased tissue insulin sensitivity in the neonatal subjects.T o explore this hypothesis, varying concentrations of glucose were infused constantly in a newborn or young adult sheep for a sufficient time to produce a stable equilib...

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Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy

Cited by 227 publications

References 70 publications

The Activity of D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase in Fetal, Infant and Adult Rat Brain and the Influence of Starvation

The Activity of D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase in Fetal, Infant and Adult Rat Brain and the Influence of Starvation

Gluconeogenesis in Infancy and Childhood: I. A Method for the Study of the in vivo Gluconeogenesis from Alanine and Glycerol

Endogenous Glucose Production during Constant Glucose Infusion in the Newborn Lamb

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