Carbohydrate microarrays fabricated on poly(2-methylacrylic acid)-based substrates for analysis of carbohydrate–protein interactions

Abstract

Carbohydrate microarrays, featuring high-throughput and rapid detection, provide a powerful tool for getting better insights into carbohydrate-mediated interactions. In this work, a poly(2-methylacrylic acid) (pMAA)-modified substrate has been developed for...

Recent Progress in Development and Application of DNA, Protein, Peptide, Glycan, Antibody, and Aptamer Microarrays

“…In one study, a 200 nL solution comprising a mixture of different aptamers and antiaptamers was manually spotted on an epoxy-functionalized silicon chip to fabricate an aptamer microarray [ 71 ]. Similarly, in a few other studies, different glycans were manually spotted or printed using pins on epoxy glass surfaces [ 72 ], nitrocellulose-coated glass slides [ 73 ], poly-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (pHEMA)-cyanuric acid (CC)-modified glass slides [ 74 ], and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated PMMA-modified glass slides [ 75 ] to fabricate glycan microarrays. Additionally, DNA and glycoproteins were manually printed on an NHS activated PMMA-modified glass slide [ 75 ].…”

“…Wolf et al [ 56 ] fabricated a DNA microarray on amine glass slides in a two-step process ( Scheme 1 G). The first step involved NHS chemistry [ 75 , 76 , 106 , 125 ], where a sulfo-m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester reacted with an amine group to form a maleimide functional surface. The second step involved a thiol–maleimide reaction [ 126 ], where the thiol group of DNA reacted with a maleimide group present on the glass slide.…”

“…With the increasing valency of the dendron structure from mono- to tetravalent, the binding affinity of the lectins (Pisum sativum, Wisteria floribunda, the extracellular domains of the human lectin receptors DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR, Langerin, and Dectin-2) also increased. A carbohydrate microarray fabricated on a polymethylacrylic acid glass substrate [ 75 ] was studied for its affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The two carbohydrates heparin and fucoidan specifically recognized the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.…”

Glycan microarrays from construction to applications

“…79 More recently, glycopolymerimmobilized microarrays were constructed to enhance glycanprotein interactions and to investigate multivalent interactions between glycans and proteins. [80][81][82][83] The nature and lengths of tethers between glycans and the solid surface also influence the binding of proteins to immobilized glycans and the non-selective adsorption of proteins on the surface. 84,85 In this regard, hydrophilic oligo-and poly(ethylene glycol) tethers are more suitable for glycan microarray construction than are hydrophobic tethers.…”

“…79 More recently, glycopolymer-immobilized microarrays were constructed to enhance glycan–protein interactions and to investigate multivalent interactions between glycans and proteins. 80–83…”