Carbohydrate Replacement of Rice or Potato with Lentils Reduces the Postprandial Glycemic Response in Healthy Adults in an Acute, Randomized, Crossover Trial

Moravek, Dita; Duncan, Alison; VanderSluis, Laura B; Turkstra, Sarah J; Rogers, Erica J; Wilson, Jessica; Hawke, Aileen; Ramdath, D. Dan

doi:10.1093/jn/nxy018

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is known that excess rice consumption leads to postprandial glucose spikes that, in turn, lead to compensatory hyperinsulinemia to maintain euglycemia ( 27 , 28 ). Over time, β-cells become exhausted, leading to β-cell failure and diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While replacing white rice with other cereals, such as wheat or millets, may not be an acceptable option due to taste preferences in some cultures, modifying the diet quality by replacing the staple white rice with less polished brown rice ( 36 ) or healthier varieties of rice may be viable options in countries where highly polished white rice constitutes the bulk (>70%) of the calories in the diet. All legumes, as a class, have a low GI ( 42 ) and, thus, adding legumes to rice not only increases the fiber and protein content but also lowers the GI of the rice-containing meal ( 28 , 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries

et al. 2020

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OBJECTIVE Previous prospective studies on the association of white rice intake with incident diabetes have shown contradictory results but were conducted in single countries and predominantly in Asia. We report on the association of white rice with risk of diabetes in the multinational Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on 132,373 individuals aged 35–70 years from 21 countries were analyzed. White rice consumption (cooked) was categorized as <150, ≥150 to <300, ≥300 to <450, and ≥450 g/day, based on one cup of cooked rice = 150 g. The primary outcome was incident diabetes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a multivariable Cox frailty model. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 9.5 years, 6,129 individuals without baseline diabetes developed incident diabetes. In the overall cohort, higher intake of white rice (≥450 g/day compared with <150 g/day) was associated with increased risk of diabetes (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02–1.40; P for trend = 0.003). However, the highest risk was seen in South Asia (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.13–2.30; P for trend = 0.02), followed by other regions of the world (which included South East Asia, Middle East, South America, North America, Europe, and Africa) (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.08–1.86; P for trend = 0.01), while in China there was no significant association (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.77–1.40; P for trend = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of white rice is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes with the strongest association being observed in South Asia, while in other regions, a modest, nonsignificant association was seen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, when incorporating lentils into food with the purpose of delivering low GI properties, a careful evaluation of the processing method and perhaps the storage conditions is warranted. In this study, a large green lentil variety was evaluated; however, a recent study showed that other lentil varieties (e.g., red lentil) have similar efficacies in lowering PPBG [ 44 ]. Although it is important to understand the reasons for variations in PPBG among different food types, it is clear that the reformulation of meals by replacing high glycemic food ingredients like potato with lentil is a useful approach for managing persons with impaired glycemic control and promoting healthy eating [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Processing on Postprandial Glycemic Response and Consumer Acceptability of Lentil-Containing Food Items

Ramdath

Wolever

Siow

et al. 2018

Foods

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The consumption of pulses is associated with many health benefits. This study assessed post-prandial blood glucose response (PPBG) and the acceptability of food items containing green lentils. In human trials we: (i) defined processing methods (boiling, pureeing, freezing, roasting, spray-drying) that preserve the PPBG-lowering feature of lentils; (ii) used an appropriate processing method to prepare lentil food items, and compared the PPBG and relative glycemic responses (RGR) of lentil and control foods; and (iii) conducted consumer acceptability of the lentil foods. Eight food items were formulated from either whole lentil puree (test) or instant potato (control). In separate PPBG studies, participants consumed fixed amounts of available carbohydrates from test foods, control foods, or a white bread standard. Finger prick blood samples were obtained at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the first bite, analyzed for glucose, and used to calculate incremental area under the blood glucose response curve and RGR; glycemic index (GI) was measured only for processed lentils. Mean GI (± standard error of the mean) of processed lentils ranged from 25 ± 3 (boiled) to 66 ± 6 (spray-dried); the GI of spray-dried lentils was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than boiled, pureed, or roasted lentil. Overall, lentil-based food items all elicited significantly lower RGR compared to potato-based items (40 ± 3 vs. 73 ± 3%; p < 0.001). Apricot chicken, chicken pot pie, and lemony parsley soup had the highest overall acceptability corresponding to “like slightly” to “like moderately”. Processing influenced the PPBG of lentils, but food items formulated from lentil puree significantly attenuated PPBG. Formulation was associated with significant differences in sensory attributes.

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“…84 Another study focused on the replacement of AC in rice or potatoes with lentils on postprandial glycemic response in 24 healthy adults. 85 Results showed that glucose maximum concentration (Cmax) and AUC were significantly decreased by replacing half of the AC from rice or potato with large green (P = 0.057 for rice AUC), small green and red lentils; and insulin Cmax and AUC were significantly decreased by replacing half of the potato AC with all 3 lentil types. 85 Pulses processed in various ways (ie, boiled, pureed, powdered, flour, fractions) have also been examined for their glycemic effects in healthy adults (Supplemental Table 2).…”

Section: Effect Of Pulse Consumption On Glycemic Response In Adults Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Pulses in Cardiovascular Disease Risk for Adults With Diabetes

Lukus

Doma

Duncan

2020

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death among adults while associated comorbidities like diabetes further increase risks of CVD-related complications and mortality. Strategies to prevent and manage CVD risk, such as dietary change, are a key component for CVD and diabetes prevention and management. Pulses, defined as the dried edible seeds of plants in the legume family, have received attention for their superior nutritional composition as high-fiber, low–glycemic index foods and have been studied for their potential to reduce CVD and diabetes risk. Both observational and experimental studies conducted among adults with and without diabetes have provided support for pulses in their ability to improve lipid profiles, glycemic control, and blood pressure, all of which are major modifiable risk factors of CVD. These capabilities have been attributed to various mechanisms associated with the nutrient and phytochemical composition of pulses. Overall, this evidence provides support for the consumption of pulses as an important dietary strategy to reduce risk of CVD for those living with and without diabetes.

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Carbohydrate Replacement of Rice or Potato with Lentils Reduces the Postprandial Glycemic Response in Healthy Adults in an Acute, Randomized, Crossover Trial

Abstract: Replacing half of the AC from high-GI foods with lentils significantly attenuates PBGR in healthy adults; this can contribute to defining a health claim for pulses and blood glucose lowering. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02426606.

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries

White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries

Effect of Processing on Postprandial Glycemic Response and Consumer Acceptability of Lentil-Containing Food Items

The Role of Pulses in Cardiovascular Disease Risk for Adults With Diabetes

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