Carbohydrates in the functions of natural killer cells

Jp, McCoy; Wh, Chambers

doi:10.1093/glycob/1.4.321

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, certain pathogens might alter the glycosylation of cellular ligands that are recognized by the inhibitory PILR to evade an immune response. Furthermore, it has been suggested that NK cells might recognize certain carbohydrate structures on target cells (36). Indeed, NK cells express various lectin-like molecules such as Ly49 and NKR-P1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Essential Role of Sialylated O-Linked Sugar Chains in the Recognition of Mouse CD99 by Paired Ig-Like Type 2 Receptor (PILR)

Wang

Shiratori

Satoh

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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The paired Ig-like type 2 receptor (PILR), which comprises both inhibitory and activating isoforms, is well conserved among most mammalians. The inhibitory PILRα possesses an ITIM in its cytoplasmic domain, whereas the activating PILRβ does not have an ITIM but transduces activating signals by associating with the ITAM-bearing DAP12 adapter molecule. Both mouse PILRα and PILRβ recognize mouse CD99, which is broadly expressed on various cells, including lymphocytes, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. We herein report that sialylated O-linked sugar chains on CD99 are essential for the recognition by PILR. Mutations of one of two O-glycosylation sites on CD99 significantly reduced recognition of CD99 by the activating PILRβ, whereas recognition by the inhibitory PILRα was not affected. In contrast, mutations of both O-glycosylation sites on CD99 completely abrogated the recognition by both PILRα and PILRβ. PILR did not recognize CD99 treated with neuraminidase, and CD99 expressed on cells transfected with core 2 β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase was not recognized by PILR. NK cells expressing endogenous activating PILRβ receptors mediated cytotoxicity against cells expressing wild-type CD99 but not cells expressing mutant CD99 that lacked O-glycosylation sites. These findings indicate that sialylated O-linked sugar structures on CD99 play an important role in the recognition of PILR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Essential Role of Sialylated O-Linked Sugar Chains in the Recognition of Mouse CD99 by Paired Ig-Like Type 2 Receptor (PILR)

Wang

Shiratori

Satoh

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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“…First, upon activation NK cells express high levels of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 (55) and destroy target cells by apoptosis and/or membrane damage (56); elevated CD44 expression, cell lysis, and apoptosis are present in sponge graft rejection where gray cells are the key players. Second, carbohydrates are crucial to the functions of NK cells (57,58), which can be identified and subdivided into functionally distinct cell subsets on the basis of the expression of lectin-like receptors (59); similarly, the species-specific adhesion of sponge cells has a strict dependence on finely tuned carbohydrate interactions (6). Third, during development NK cells are the first lymphocyte lineage to appear (60) in accordance with the controversial concept that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny; NKlike cells have been demonstrated in invertebrates like a mollusc (61), a tunicate (62), an earthworm (63), and the leech (64).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporin A Suspends Transplantation Reactions in the Marine SpongeMicrociona prolifera

Sabella

Himic

Colpitts

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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Sponges are the simplest extant animals but nevertheless possess self-nonself recognition that rivals the specificity of the vertebrate MHC. We have used dissociated cell assays and grafting techniques to study tissue acceptance and rejection in the marine sponge Microciona prolifera. Our data show that allogeneic, but not isogeneic, cell contacts trigger cell death and an increased expression of cell adhesion and apoptosis markers in cells that accumulate in graft interfaces. Experiments investigating the possible existence of immune memory in sponges indicate that faster second set reactions are nonspecific. Among the different cellular types, gray cells have been proposed to be the sponge immunocytes. Fluorescence confocal microscopy results from intact live grafts show the migration of autofluorescent gray cells toward graft contact zones and the inhibition of gray cell movements in the presence of nontoxic concentrations of cyclosporin A. These results suggest that cell motility is an important factor involved in sponge self/nonself recognition. Communication between gray cells in grafted tissues does not require cell contact and is carried by an extracellular diffusible marker. The finding that a commonly used immunosuppressor in human transplantation such as cyclosporin A blocks tissue rejection in marine sponges indicates that the cellular mechanisms for regulating this process in vertebrates might have appeared at the very start of metazoan evolution.

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“…Differences in the carbohydrate structures of neural cell adhesion molecules modulate their binding properties during development (76,77). Carbohydrates are relevant in lymphocyte recognition (78,79), and their role is especially important in natural killer cell functions (80). Of particular interest are the glycosylation microheterogeneities found on plant selfincompatibility glycoproteins that might provide structural diversity crucial for allelic specificity (81,82).…”

Section: Fig 7 Analysis Of Maf Glycansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Main Protein of the Aggregation Factor Responsible for Species-specific Cell Adhesion in the Marine Sponge Microciona prolifera Is Highly Polymorphic

Fernàndez‐Busquets

Burger

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Species-specific cell recognition in sponges, the oldest living metazoans, is based on a proteoglycan-like aggregation factor. We have screened individual sponge cDNA libraries, identifying multiple related forms for the aggregation factor core protein (MAFp3). Northern blots show the presence in several human tissues of transcripts strongly binding a MAFp3-specific probe. The open reading frame for MAFp3 is not interrupted in the 5 direction, revealing variable protein sequences that contain numerous introns equally spaced. We have studied tissue histocompatibility within a sponge population, finding 100% correlation between rejection behavior and the individual-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern using aggregation factorrelated probes. PCR amplifications with specific primers showed that at least some of the MAFp3 forms are allelic and distribute in the population used. A pronounced polymorphism is also observed when analyzing purified aggregation factor in polyacrylamide gels. Protease digestion of the polymorphic glycosaminoglycancontaining bands indicates that glycans are also responsible for the variability. The data presented reveal a high polymorphism of aggregation factor components, which matches the elevated sponge alloincompatibility, suggesting an involvement of the cell adhesion system in sponge allogeneic reactions.

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Carbohydrates in the functions of natural killer cells

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

An Essential Role of Sialylated O-Linked Sugar Chains in the Recognition of Mouse CD99 by Paired Ig-Like Type 2 Receptor (PILR)

An Essential Role of Sialylated O-Linked Sugar Chains in the Recognition of Mouse CD99 by Paired Ig-Like Type 2 Receptor (PILR)

Cyclosporin A Suspends Transplantation Reactions in the Marine SpongeMicrociona prolifera

The Main Protein of the Aggregation Factor Responsible for Species-specific Cell Adhesion in the Marine Sponge Microciona prolifera Is Highly Polymorphic

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