Carbon-13 NMR Spectra of Lignins, 8. Structural Differences between Lignins of Hardwoods, Softwoods, Grasses and Compression Wood

Nimz, Horst; Robert, D.; Faix, O.; Nemr, M.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1981.35.1.16

Cited by 285 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The above results are consistent with results of a recent I3C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation on composition of various lignins [26]. It was found that the characteristic signals caused by carbon atoms 315 and 216 in syringyl units were completely absent in spruce lignin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP⁺ Dehydrogenase from Spruce (Picea abies L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Lüderitz

Grisebach

1981

European Journal of Biochemistry

119

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Cambial sap of spruce (Picea abies) proved to be a good source for isolation of cinnamoyl-CoA reductasc and cinnamyl alcohol :NADP+ dehydrogenase. Apparently homogeneous enzymes were obtained by a multistep procedure including dye-ligand chromatography and for the reductase also affinity chromatography on (coenzymc A)-agarose. An improved purification procedure for the reductase from soybean cell cultures is also reported.Molecular weights and subunit composition of reductase and dehydrogenase from spruce are very similar to those of the corresponding enzymes from soybean.Reduction of feruloyl-CoA to coniferaldehyde catalysed by the reductase is a freely reversible reaction with an equilibrium constant of 5.6 x M at pH 6.25. A strong dependence of the Michaelis constants on the type of buffer was found. For reductase the K,-value of feruloyl-CoA in phosphate buffer (5.2 pM) is about 14-times smaller than in citrate buffer (73 pM).Pronounced differences in substrate specificities between the enzymes from spruce and soybean were found, which reflect the different lignin composition of gymnosperms and dicotyledenous angiosperms. From the kinetic constants of the enzymes it can be concluded that under physiological conditions feruloyl-CoA is the preferred substrate for the reductase from both sources whereas sinapoyl-CoA is a substrate only for the soybean reductase and sinapyldehyde a substrate only for the soybean dehydrogenase.4-Coumaroyl-CoA is a poor substrate for the reductase from both spruce and soybean.This result is consistent with the low content of 4-coumaryl alcohol units in gymnosperm and angiosperm lignin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP⁺ Dehydrogenase from Spruce (Picea abies L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Lüderitz

Grisebach

1981

European Journal of Biochemistry

119

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“…In spite of the high resolution of the l3C NMR spectra of lignin solutions, reported in classical studies (Ludemann and Nimz, 1973; Nimz et al, 1981), the utilization of the CP-MAS (cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning) technique leads to diagnostic NMR spectra of solid samples under reasonable acquisition times. This is especially useful not only for insoluble materials, such as most lignin preparations, but also in routine studies of biopolymers by nondestructive methods (Maciel et al, 1981;Gerasit , and the fungal alteration of lignin investigated by solid-state NMR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CPMAS carbon-13 NMR study of lignin preparations from wheat straw transformed by five lignocellulose-degrading fungi

Almendros¹,

Martı́nez²,

González³

et al. 1992

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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After solid-state fermentation of wheat straw with five lignocellulose-degrading fungi, lignin was extracted and studied by CPMAS 13C NMR. The increase in the intensity of the signals in the 200-164 ppm range is evidence for the oxidative alteration of lignin. The lignins degraded by the white-rot fungi Ganoderma australe and Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed a decrease in the amounts of aryl carbons, whereas the intensity of the 33 ppm signal from saturated alkyl structures was strongly increased by the latter fungus. The cellulolytic Chaetomium uirescens and Trichoderma Zongibrachiatum and the ligninolytic Fomes fomentarius caused the selective decrease of some signals assigned to lignincarbohydrate complexes. A low molecular weight fraction was recovered by adsorption on poly(vinylpyrrolidone). The C=O signals of this fraction were strongly increased by the ligninolytic species, whereas the accumulation of aromatic compounds was observed after straw degradation by P. chrysosporium.

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“…However, lignin is a polyphenol that cannot be fermented to ethanol as extractives and other present components (Kira et al, 1977;Nimz et al, 1981;Wallace, 1989;Van Soest, 1982). As such, lignin introduces a negative effect on the fermentative processes; therefore, any viable process for obtaining ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass must include lignin extraction and its exploitation in obtaining valued products and/or energy generation (Adler, 1977).…”

Section: Obtaining Ethanol From Lignocellulosic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass

Abril

Abril²

2009

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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Ethanol is the liquid combustible that has become the most promising alternative substitute for gasoline because of the experience gained in its production, the possibility of mixing it with gasoline in different proportions, the possibility of using the existing gasoline distribution infrastructure, and the fact that major changes in engines are not required for its use. Lignocelluloses offer great potential as a biomass source for ethanol production, although their use still requires in-depth analysis with an objective and holistic focus that includes present and future technologic implications. The present article reviews current knowledge about the characteristics and sources of vegetable biomass, as well as the development and possibilities for obtaining ethanol from lignocellulosic sources.

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Carbon-13 NMR Spectra of Lignins, 8. Structural Differences between Lignins of Hardwoods, Softwoods, Grasses and Compression Wood

Cited by 285 publications

References 24 publications

Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP⁺ Dehydrogenase from Spruce (Picea abies L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP⁺ Dehydrogenase from Spruce (Picea abies L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)

CPMAS carbon-13 NMR study of lignin preparations from wheat straw transformed by five lignocellulose-degrading fungi

Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass

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Carbon-13 NMR Spectra of Lignins, 8. Structural Differences between Lignins of Hardwoods, Softwoods, Grasses and Compression Wood

Cited by 285 publications

References 24 publications

Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP+ Dehydrogenase from Spruce (Picea abies L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP+ Dehydrogenase from Spruce (Picea abies L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)

CPMAS carbon-13 NMR study of lignin preparations from wheat straw transformed by five lignocellulose-degrading fungi

Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP⁺ Dehydrogenase from Spruce (Picea abies L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Enzymic Synthesis of Lignin Precursors Comparison of Cinnamoyl‐CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl Alcohol: NADP⁺ Dehydrogenase from Spruce (Picea abies L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)