Carbon acquisition and growth of Antarctic sea ice diatoms in closed bottle incubations

Gleitz, Markus; Kukert, Helmut; Riebesell, Ulf; Dieckmann, Gerhard

doi:10.3354/meps135169

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On the contrary and consistant with the results of the present study, the operation of CCMs appears ubiquitous in a wide taxonomic range of aquatic phototrophs (see Raven 1991). Thus, the structure of models of phytoplankton growth based solely on di¡usive CO 2 entry (Riebesell et al 1993;Goericke et al 1994, Laws et al 1995) may need to be reconsidered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The fact that all species attained 90% of the normalized C· at DIC concentrations of 41.6 mM (and as low as 0.3 mM for P. tricornutum) (¢gure 3b), while the typical seawater DIC concentration is 2.0 mM, presumably re£ects the e¤ciency of algal CCMs. Although di¡usive CO 2 entry may satisfy the demands for photosynthesis (Gleitz et al 1996), de¢nitive evidence for purely di¡usive CO 2 entry in marine microalgae is scarce. On the contrary and consistant with the results of the present study, the operation of CCMs appears ubiquitous in a wide taxonomic range of aquatic phototrophs (see Raven 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and growth rate in marine phytoplankton

Clark

Flynn

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

107

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A range of marine phytoplankton was grown in closed systems in order to investigate the kinetics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) use and the in£uence of the nitrogen source under conditions of constant pH. The kinetics of DIC use could be described by a rectangular hyperbolic curve, yielding estimations of K G(DIC) (the half saturation constant for carbon-speci¢c growth, i.e. C·) and · max (the theoretical maximum C·). All species attained a K G(DIC) within the range of 30^750 mM DIC. For most species, NH 4 ‡ use enabled growth with a lower K G(DIC) and/or, for two species, an increase in · max . At DIC concentrations of 41.6 mM, C· was 4 90% saturated for all species relative to the rate at the natural seawater DIC concentration of 2.0 mM. The results suggest that neither the rate nor the extent of primary productivity will be signi¢cantly limited by the DIC in the quasi-steady-state conditions associated with oligotrophic oceans. The method needs to be applied in the conditions associated with dynamic coastal (eutrophic) systems for clari¢cation of a potential DIC rate limitation where cells may grow to higher densities and under variable pH and nitrogen supply.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and growth rate in marine phytoplankton

Clark

Flynn

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

107

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“…The silicate and phosphate concentrations in the brine channels were far below common half-saturation constants for growth (Sommer 1986(Sommer , 1991, and may thus have caused nutrient-limited growth together with faster uptake of dissolved silicon than nitrate in the batch cultures. However, in the same manner that the different nutrient affinities can cause species succession, active pathways of inorganic carbon acquisition may constitute an important factor driving algal species succession, especially within the brine-channel habitat of sea ice (Gleitz et al 1996). During decreasing CO 2 concentration, indicated by increasing pH values in the cultures, the photosynthetic carbon demand may exceed diffusional CO 2 supply, especially for larger algae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…may have been more successful than larger species of the genera Nitzschia or Thalassiosira. Gleitz et al (1996) observed in an Antarctic sea-ice diatom (Chaetoceros cf. neogracile), the physiological ability to actively assimilate HCO 3 -at CO 2 (aq) concentrations < 0.5 µM and pH > 9.5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in photosynthetic carbon allocation in algal assemblages of Arctic sea ice with decreasing nutrient concentrations and irradiance

Möck¹,

Gradinger²

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Photosynthetic carbon assimilation into protein, low-molecular-weight metabolites (LMWM), polysaccharides, total lipids and into 3 lipid classes (neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids) was determined in batch-culture experiments with natural assemblages of Arctic-ice algae under simulated in situ irradiance. Photosynthate allocation in 3 parallel batch incubations revealed a high contribution of lipid assimilation to total particulate carbon production (54.6 ± 0.4%) followed by LMWM (35.0 ± 1.0%), carbohydrates (7.3 ± 0.1%) and proteins (3.0 ± 0.8%). Total lipids were mainly composed of glycolipids (67.4 ± 3.5%) with a relatively lower allocation into phospholipids (28.1 ± 6.7%) and neutral lipids (4.5 ± 3.2%). Nutrient addition (final concentrations: Si(OH)4 = 65.5 ± 0.4 µmol l-1, NO3 = 42.9 ± 0.6 µmol l-1, PO4 = 2.6 ± 0.0 µmol l-1) caused algal community growth of 0.22 ± 0.0 d-1 until nutrients became limiting 10 d later. Si(OH)4:NO3 ratios and NO3:PO4 ratios in the cultures decreased from initially 1.5 ± 0.0 to 0.2 ± 0.1 and 16.8 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.5, respectively. During the first few days of incubation, relative proportions of carbon production for proteins increased 3-fold (max. 11.1 ± 1.0%), those for LMWM 1.5-fold (max. 45.7 ± 6.4%), whereas lipids decreased (min. 32.0 ± 0.4%). Increasing relative proportions of carbon production for carbohydrates were only observed at the end of exponential growth (max. 12.9 ± 1.3%). A dramatic increase of lipids was measured under nutrient depletion (max. 70.9 ± 3.6%) after Day 10, which was the result of glycolipid production, while protein and carbohydrate production decreased to values below 5% of total particulate carbon production. LMWM also attained lower incorporation rates under nutrient depletion (min. 23.5 ± 1.1%). Production of glycolipids during exponential algal growth is attributed to an acclimation to decreasing irradiance as a consequence of an increase in algal biomass. Decreasing particulate carbon:chlorophyll a ratios during the experiment indicate a physiological response to a reduction in irradiance with simultanous glycolipid production. Glycolipids are the main lipid class in chloroplasts, and especially in thylakoidmembranes, which are strongly developed during low-light acclimation. Excess light energy during stationary algal growth after Day 10 is dissipated in the form of glycolipids and/or neutral lipids. But the latter are probably more significant under high-light conditions

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“…Similar rates were determined for Chaetoceros cf. neogracile (Gleitz et al 1996). For Pseudo-nitzschia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Antarctic phytoplankton species to ocean acidification: Growth, carbon acquisition, and species interaction

Trimborn

Brenneis

Sweet

et al. 2013

Limnology & Oceanography

107

121

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Despite the fact that ocean acidification is considered to be especially pronounced in the Southern Ocean, little is known about CO 2 -dependent physiological processes and the interactions of Antarctic phytoplankton key species. We therefore studied the effects of CO 2 partial pressure (P CO 2 ) (16.2, 39.5, and 101.3 Pa) on growth and photosynthetic carbon acquisition in the bloom-forming species Chaetoceros debilis, Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, and Phaeocystis antarctica. Using membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, photosynthetic O 2 evolution and inorganic carbon (C i ) fluxes were determined as a function of CO 2 concentration. Only the growth of C. debilis was enhanced under high P CO 2 . Analysis of the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) revealed the operation of very efficient CCMs (i.e., high C i affinities) in all species, but there were species-specific differences in CO 2 -dependent regulation of individual CCM components (i.e., CO 2 and HCO { 3 uptake kinetics, carbonic anhydrase activities). Gross CO 2 uptake rates appear to increase with the cell surface area to volume ratios. Species competition experiments with C. debilis and P. subcurvata under different P CO 2 levels confirmed the CO 2 -stimulated growth of C. debilis observed in monospecific incubations, also in the presence of P. subcurvata. Independent of P CO 2 , high initial cell abundances of P. subcurvata led to reduced growth rates of C. debilis. For a better understanding of future changes in phytoplankton communities, CO 2 -sensitive physiological processes need to be identified, but also species interactions must be taken into account because their interplay determines the success of a species.The Southern Ocean (SO) is a high-nutrient lowchlorophyll region. Compared with most other regions of the World oceans, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate are high. The reason for this phenomenon is that the biological production is limited by the trace metal iron, which is essential for photosynthesis (Martin et al. 1990). Most of the primary production in the SO is achieved by sporadic bloom events, which mainly occur along the continental margins and only extend offshore when iron and other nutrient concentrations are high due to upwelling. These blooms are usually dominated by medium-sized diatoms and the flagellate Phaeocystis antarctica (Smetacek et al. 2004). Light is also a major factor controlling phytoplankton growth and productivity in the SO due to the occurrence of strong and frequent winds, causing pronounced deep mixing and therefore low mean and highly varying light levels (Tilzer et al. 1985). Deeply mixed layers were associated with a predominant occurrence of P. antarctica, while diatoms such Fragilariopsis cylindrus seem to favor shallow mixed layers (Kropuenske et al. 2010).Varying CO 2 concentrations were found to also influence SO phytoplankton assemblages and growth (Tortell et al. 2008b;Feng et al. 2010). During winter time, the presence of sea ice prevents gas exchange betw...

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Carbon acquisition and growth of Antarctic sea ice diatoms in closed bottle incubations

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

The relationship between the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and growth rate in marine phytoplankton

The relationship between the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and growth rate in marine phytoplankton

Changes in photosynthetic carbon allocation in algal assemblages of Arctic sea ice with decreasing nutrient concentrations and irradiance

Sensitivity of Antarctic phytoplankton species to ocean acidification: Growth, carbon acquisition, and species interaction

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