Carbon Aerogels for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors

Pröbstle, H.; Wiener, M.; Fricke, J.

doi:10.1023/b:jopo.0000011381.74052.77

Cited by 126 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The percentage of the surface area attributed to mesopores to the total surface area is 52.18 %. Also, the inset image of SEM micrograph shows the highly cross-linked networks and the cracks in the surface morphology are derived from pyrolysis of the shrinking RF-aerogels (Pröbstle et al 2003). The roles of micropores and mesopores are different during electrosorption process.…”

Section: Porous Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among carbon materials, carbon aerogels, synthesized via a sol-gel process using resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels, constitute exceptional electrodes for electrosorption process in CDI (Jung et al 2007;Xu et al 2008). The features of carbon aerogels are low electrical resistivity (\40 mX cm), high specific surface area (*400-1,100 m 2 /g), and controlled pore size distribution (\50 nm), in correspondence with a three-dimensional network of interconnected carbon particles with small interstitial micropores (Frackowiak and Béguin 2001;Pröbstle et al 2003). By using carbon aerogel electrodes, early studies by Farmer et al (1996aFarmer et al ( , 1997) have succeeded to remove a variety of unwanted ions, including sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) from salty solutions and chromium ions from ground water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of capacitive deionization technology to the removal of sodium chloride from aqueous solutions

Hou

Huang

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Capacitive deionization has been developed as a promising desalination alternative for removing ions from aqueous solutions. In this study, the evaluation of capacitive performance was carried out by galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry experiments. The good capacitive and electrosorption behaviors suggest carbon aerogel not only treated as an electrical double layer capacitor, but also as a potential electrode in capacitive deionization processes. Also, the capacitive deionization characteristics indicate that electrosorption/regeneration can be controlled by polarization and depolarization of each electrode. It implies that sodium and chloride ions are electrostatically held to form electrical double layer on the surface of charged electrodes. The electrosorption performance at different applied voltages and solution concentrations was investigated. It is found that the removal of sodium chloride increases with increasing applied voltage and solution concentration, resulting from stronger electrostatic interactions, higher concentration gradient, and less double layer overlapping effect. Based on Langmuir isotherm, the equilibrium electrosorption capacity at 1.2 V is determined as 270.59 lmol/g. Under this condition, due to the presence of micropores associated with the double layer overlapping, the effective surface area for electrosorption of ions at 1.2 V is estimated in the range of 12.18-14.25 % of the BrunauerEmmett-Teller surface area. The results provide a fundamental understanding of electrosorption of ions and help promoting capacitive deionization technology for water purification and desalination.

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Section: Porous Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of capacitive deionization technology to the removal of sodium chloride from aqueous solutions

Hou

Huang

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Carbonaceous materials such as aerogel [3][4] and powder [5] [6] are the most commonly used electrode materials in EDLC devices due to carbon's high surface area, chemical and thermal stability, relatively low cost and low environmental impact. Carbonaceous materials are usually activated [4] [7] to produce a large porous surface area before being used for EDLC electrodes. On the other hand, the activation of carbon results in a lower electrical conductivity, usually 0.1-1.0 Scm -1 , due to its high porosity and high surface area [8] [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in carbon-based composite electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors

Lei

Wilson

Lekakou

2011

Journal of Power Sources

130

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“…Such obtained organic gels are dried and then subjected to carbonisation in an inert atmosphere. There are three main methods of drying organic gels: drying with supercritical CO 2 [5,6] creating gels named aerogels, drying at ambient temperature [7][8][9][10],which gives xerogels or by freeze drying [11]cyrogels. During carbonisation, organic gels are heated from room temperature to the required pyrolysis temperature, generally 600-1050°C [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of lead(II), copper(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) ions from aqueous solutions using carbon gels

Osińska

2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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The carbon gel and carbon gel doped with 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% of graphite intercalation compound were used for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. These materials were prepared by a sol-gel process that involves a polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde. Nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for a morpho-structural adsorbent investigation. In the present paper, Cu, Co, Pb and Ni ions adsorption experiments were carried out in batch conditions under magnetic stirring. The effect of some parameters such as contact time, metal ions' concentration and pH were examined. Adsorption data on all sorbents, followed both the Frendlich and Langmuir models. The data better fitted the Langmuir isotherm than the Frendlich one. The highest degree of removal was achieved for Pb ions at the initial concentration of 10 mg/l and for 2 g/l adsorbent dose. Adsorption results expressed as adsorption capacities showed that carbon gel doped with 2 wt% of graphite intercalation compound is the best adsorbent. Graphical Abstract Keywords Carbon gels• Pb(II)• Cu(II)• Co(II) and Ni(II) ions• Adsorption of heavy metal ions • Graphite intercalation compound

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Carbon Aerogels for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors

Cited by 126 publications

References 21 publications

Application of capacitive deionization technology to the removal of sodium chloride from aqueous solutions

Application of capacitive deionization technology to the removal of sodium chloride from aqueous solutions

Effect of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in carbon-based composite electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors

Removal of lead(II), copper(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) ions from aqueous solutions using carbon gels

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