Carbon Balance as a Physiological Basis for the Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

Francesconi, Ana Helena Dias; Lakso, Alan N.; Nyrop, Jan P.; Barnard, J. A.; Denning, S.S.

doi:10.21273/jashs.121.5.959

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We have observed (unpublished data) that fruit growth rates can remain linear until harvest on lightly cropped trees, but decline on heavily cropped trees late in the season, again indicating interactions with crop load. This late-season effect may be aggravated by pest effects, such as late-season injury by European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] (Francesconi et al, 1996;Marini et al, 1994), especially in cooler seasons when ripening is delayed. In longer seasons, this late-season effect may be reduced if the ripening occurs during warmer sunnier weather in late summer.…”

Section: Modeling Carbon Supply/demand Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Modeling of Carbon Balance of the Apple Tree

Lakso¹,

Wünsche²,

Palmer³

et al. 1999

HortSci

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Section: Modeling Carbon Supply/demand Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Modeling of Carbon Balance of the Apple Tree

Lakso¹,

Wünsche²,

Palmer³

et al. 1999

HortSci

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“…Consequently, β values may represent the maximum physiological-lesion size for strawberries affected by leaf scorch. Also, it should be noted that many factors affect the relationship between yield and photosynthesis, including environmental and climatic conditions, nutrient and water availability, rate of CO 2 uptake, temporal assimilate allocation, canopy structure, age of the crop, and crop load (Rossing et al 1992;Francesconi et al 1996). The yield losses reported by Mutisya et al (2005aMutisya et al ( , 2005b were the result of infections that occurred prior to and during the period of flower-bud formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the impact of leaf scorch on photosynthesis and "physiological-lesion" size in strawberry

Turechek

Heidenreich

Lakso

et al. 2007

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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The impact of strawberry leaf scorch, caused by Diplocarpon earlianum, on net CO 2 assimilation (A) and transpiration (E) rates was determined for both greenhouse-and field-grown plants. In the greenhouse, strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) plants were inoculated with an aqueous suspension of D. earlianum (1 × 10 5 conidia/mL) and placed in environmental conditions to generate a range of disease severities. Photosynthesis measurements on individual leaflets of greenhouse-grown plants ('Kent') were taken in a biotron under saturating light conditions. Photosynthesis was also measured on leaflets in a naturally infected field planting of 'Jewel' in 2003. Leaf-scorch severity ranged from 0% to nearly 100% on individual leaflets. Strong negative linear correlations were found between the proportion of leaflet area with visual symptoms and A, E, and water-use efficiency (WUE = A/E). "Physiological-lesion" size was estimated to be 1.6 and 2.1 for greenhouse-grown and field-grown plants, respectively, meaning that the total area of leaflet tissue affected by leaf scorch was 1.6-2.1 times larger than the leaflet area showing visual symptoms of the disease. The larger physiological lesion found in field-grown plants may be due to field-associated stress factors or cultivar variability. The results have application for establishing guidelines for the management of foliar diseases of strawberry.Résumé : L'impact de la maladie des taches pourpres du fraisier, causée par le Diplocarpon earlianum, sur l'assimilation nette de CO 2 (A) et la transpiration (E) fut déterminé pour des plantes cultivées en serre et au champ. En serre, les plants de fraisiers (Fragaria ×ananassa) furent inoculés avec une suspension aqueuse de D. earlianum (1 × 10 5 conidies/mL) et placé dans des conditions environnementales favorables à la génération d'une gamme d'intensités de maladie. Des mesures de la photosynthèse sur des folioles individuelles de plantes de serre ('Kent') furent effectuées dans un biotron avec saturation de lumière. La photosynthèse fut également mesurée sur des folioles dans une plantation de 'Jewel' infecté naturellement en 2003. L'intensité de la maladie des taches pourpres varia de 0% à presque 100% sur des folioles individuelles. Une forte corrélation linéaire négative fut trouvée entre la proportion de surface des folioles avec symptômes, d'une part, et A, E ainsi que l'efficience de l'utilisation de l'eau (EAE = A/E), d'autre part. La taille des « lésions physiologiques » fut estimée respectivement à 1,6 et 2,1 pour les plantes en serre et celles en champ, ce qui veut dire que la surface totale de tissu des folioles affectées par la maladie des taches pourpres était de 1,6 à 2,1 fois plus grande que celle des folioles montrant des symptômes visuels de maladie. Les lésions physiologiques plus grandes trouvées sur les plantes en champ peuvent être dues à des stress associés au champ ou à la variabilité variétale. Ces résultats sont pertinents pour l'établissement de directives dans la lutte contre les maladies foliaires du fra...

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“…Crop load was estimated in each year by dividing the harvested fruit number per tree by its trunk cross sectional area (e.g. Francesconi et al, 1996). Trunk cross sectional area was computed assuming a cylinder shape by measuring in spring the trunk circumference at 10 cm above the grafting zone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of within-tree organ distances on floral induction and fruit growth in apple tree: implication of carbon and gibberellin organ contents

Belhassine

Martinez

Bluy

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In plants, organs are inter-dependent for growth and development. Here, we aimed to investigate the distance at which interaction between organs operates and the relative contribution of within-tree variation in carbohydrate and hormonal contents on floral induction and fruit growth, in a fruit tree case study. Manipulations of leaf and fruit numbers were performed in two years on ‘Golden delicious’ apple trees, at the shoot or branch scale or one side of Y-shape trees. For each treatment, floral induction proportion and mean fruit weight were recorded. Gibberellins content in shoot apical meristems, photosynthesis, and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in organs were measured. Floral induction was promoted by leaf presence and fruit absence but was not associated with non-structural content in meristems. This suggests a combined action of promoting and inhibiting signals originating from leaves and fruit, and involving gibberellins. Nevertheless, these signals act at short distance only since leaf or fruit presence at long distances had no effect on floral induction. Conversely, fruit growth was affected by leaf presence even at long distances when sink demands were imbalanced within the tree, suggesting long distance transport of carbohydrates. We thus clarified the inter-dependence and distance effect among organs, therefore their degree of autonomy that appeared dependent on the process considered, floral induction or fruit growth.

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Carbon Balance as a Physiological Basis for the Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Measurement and Modeling of Carbon Balance of the Apple Tree

Measurement and Modeling of Carbon Balance of the Apple Tree

Estimation of the impact of leaf scorch on photosynthesis and "physiological-lesion" size in strawberry

Impact of within-tree organ distances on floral induction and fruit growth in apple tree: implication of carbon and gibberellin organ contents

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