KEYWORDSRheology, phase behavior, heavy crude oil, carbon dioxide, viscosity, non-Newtonian fluid
ABSTRACTThe rheology of Zuata heavy crude oil, saturated with carbon dioxide, was studied at a temperature of 50 °C and pressures up to 220 bar. Observations of phase behavior were also reported and used to interpret the rheological data. The crude oil is very viscous and non-Newtonian at ambient pressure, but when brought into equilibrium with CO2 the non-Newtonian behavior was weakened and eventually disappeared at high CO2 pressures. When diluted with 10 wt% and 30 wt% toluene, the diluted crude oils and their mixtures with CO2 behaved as Newtonian fluids. The CO2 saturated mixture of the crude oil samples showed an exponential decrease in viscosity with increasing CO2 pressure, but an increase in viscosity at higher pressures. Observing through a view cell, the CO2 dissolution caused a swelling effect on the original crude. When saturated with CO2, the swelling effect also occurred on the 10 wt% diluted crude oil, but the volume of the oil rich phase was 2 decreased at higher pressures. However, for the 30 wt% diluted crude oil, a second liquid phase was observed on top of the oil rich phase, at pressures higher than the CO2 critical point. The mixture viscosity was inversely proportional to the CO2 solubility.