Carbon chemostratigraphy of the Cambrian-Ordovician transition in a midlatitude mixed platform, Montagne Noire, France

Álvaro, J. Javier; Bauluz, Blanca; Pérez, Ignacio Subías; Cartigny, Pierre; Vizcaı̈no, Daniel

doi:10.1130/b26243.1

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Palaeogeographic map for the Cambro‐Ordovician boundary interval, with study areas and proposed patterns of ocean current (modified after Jell et al ., , Benedetto, , and Álvaro et al ., ). This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/gj…”

Section: Palaeobiogeographymentioning

confidence: 92%

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Biofacies and palaeoenvironments of conodonts in Cambro‐Ordovician sequences of the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Cordillera Oriental of Jujuy, Argentina

Zeballo

Albanesi

2012

Geological Journal

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The taxa frequencies and cluster analysis of 10 837 conodonts recovered from the Santa Rosita Formation on the eastern flank of the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Cordillera Oriental of Argentina, were carried out for palaeoenvironmental interpretations. The first type of analysis allowed us to identify three conodont biofacies: Variabiloconus‐Teridontus, Utahconus‐Acanthodus and Tilcarodus‐Drepanoistodus, and the cluster analysis helps define respective sub‐biofacies. The first biofacies is not constrained to a particular environment, the second biofacies, which is characterized by typical Laurentian genera, is related to sandstones from shallow‐water environments, while the third one is better represented in deeper water siliciclastic lithofacies. A nektobenthic mode of life is suggested for Utahconus and Acanthodus, but a pelagic behaviour is apparent for the rest of the taxa, well adapted to off‐shore biotopes in particular cases (proto‐ and paraconodonts). The faunal composition reveals a mixture of Baltic and Laurentian taxa, as well as endemic forms that define the Southwestern Gondwana Province from the Cold Domain in the Shallow‐Sea Realm. The presence of typical species from low latitudes (e.g. Australia) confirms the installation of an oceanic perigondwanian corridor, which was open to faunal migration during the late Cambrian–early Ordovician. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Palaeobiogeographymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Various palaeogeographic reconstructions located the Cordillera Oriental at mid‐ to high latitudes during the Furongian–Early Ordovician, around 30°S latitude (e.g. Scotese and Barrett, ; Cocks and Torsvik, ; Álvaro et al ., , ) (Figure ). In turn, Vaccari et al .…”

Section: Palaeobiogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofacies and palaeoenvironments of conodonts in Cambro‐Ordovician sequences of the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Cordillera Oriental of Jujuy, Argentina

Zeballo

Albanesi

2012

Geological Journal

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“…These biozones represent the last assemblage of the Marjumaniid F I G U R E 1 Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Earth during the late Cambrian (after Blakey and Wong (2003) and Blakey (2008)) depicting locations where the SPICE event has been documented: Northern Laurentia (Saltzman et al, 1998; Southern Laurentia (Cowan et al, 2005;Gerhardt & Gill, 2016;Glumac, 2011;Glumac & Walker, 1998;Hurtgen et al, 2009;Perfetta et al, 1999;Schiffbauer et al, 2017); Baltica (Ahlberg et al, 2009;Gill et al, 2011;Hammer & Svensen, 2017); Australia Lindsay et al, 2005;Saltzman et al, 2000;Schmid et al, 2018); Siberia (Kouchinsky et al, 2008); North China (Bagnoli et al, 2014;Chen, Chough, Lee, & Han, 2012;Ng, Yuan, & Lin, 2014;Zhu et al, 2004); South China (Li et al, 2018;Saltzman et al, 2000); Northwest China (Liu et al, 2017); South Korea (Lim, Chung, Park, & Lee, 2015); Precordillera (Sial et al, 2008); Armorica (Álvaro, Bauluz, Subías, Pierre, & Vizcaïno, 2008); Avalonia (Woods et al, 2011); and Kazakhstan (Saltzman et al, 2000;Wotte & Strauss, 2015). White circles represent studies documenting the SPICE in δ 13 C records, and black stars indicate localities where both carbon and sulfur (δ 34 S) isotopic records have been generated.…”

Section: The Relationship Between the Spice And The End-marjuman Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the development of local anoxia during the Cambrian SPICE event in eastern North America

LeRoy

Gill

2019

Geobiology

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The later Cambrian Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) event was an episode marked by pronounced changes to the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur and significant extinctions on several paleocontinents including Laurentia (North America). While the exact cause(s) of these events remains debated, various lines of evidence suggest an increase in the areal extent of anoxia at the seafloor was a likely feature. Here, we explore whether changes in local oxygenation accompanied the onset of the SPICE in southern Laurentia using cores of the Nolichucky and Eau Claire Formations from Ohio and Kentucky, USA, that represent a transect into the Rome Trough/Conasauga intrashelf basin. At our study locations, the initial positive δ13C shift of the SPICE occurs in conjunction with increases in the abundance and δ34S of sedimentary pyrite. Further local redox conditions, tracked using iron speciation analysis, indicate anoxic conditions developed at the two proximal locations after the start of the paired isotopic excursions. However, the location near the basin center shows no indication for anoxia before or during the onset of the SPICE. While this signal may reflect the structure of local redox conditions within the basin, with the development of anoxia limited to the basin margins, we argue that authigenic iron enrichments were muted by sedimentary dilution and/or the enhanced authigenesis of iron‐bearing sheet silicates near the basin center, masking the signal for anoxia there. Regardless of the areal extent of anoxia within the basin, in either scenario the timing of the development of anoxic bottom waters was concurrent with local faunal turnover, features broadly consistent with a global expansion of anoxia playing a role in driving the isotopic trends and extinctions observed during the event.

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“…This relationship is less clear in western Newfoundland, where SPICE is not positively correlated with δ 34 S. It may show that the relationship of SPICE and δ 34 S is significantly affected by local environmental restrictions, heterogeneity of δ 34 S in Cambrian sea water, or ocean redox fluctuations (Hurtgen et al, 2009). There is also no evidence for widespread black shales coinciding with the positive CIE, although these may have been restricted to deep ocean basins rather than the relatively shallow shelf margins that are inferred to be the depositional setting of most of the studied late Cambrian successions (Cramer & Saltzman, 2007;Álvaro et al, 2008). An exception is the Alum Shale Formation of Sweden.…”

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confidence: 92%

The Furongian (late Cambrian) Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) in Avalonia

Woods

Wilby

Leng

et al. 2011

JGS

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The Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) of earliest late Cambrian (Furongian) age is identified in England. The excursion is found within a ca 145 m thick siliciclastic succession within the middle and higher part of the Outwoods Shale Formation of Warwickshire, and reaches a maximum δ 13 C org amplitude of 4.1‰ at values of -25.6‰. Biostratigraphical data show that the excursion occupies the greater part of the Olenus trilobite biozone, an equivalent of the Glyptagnostus reticulatus biozone that marks the base of the Furongian and coeval base of the Steptoean in North America. The amplitude of the excursion approaches that recorded in limestonedominated Laurentian successions, and is greater than that recently documented for organic-rich mudstones of palaeocontinental Baltica in southern Sweden. A minor positive excursion above the SPICE may equate with a similar excursion recognised in Siberia. The SPICE in the Outwoods Shale Formation seems closely linked to the widely recognised early Furongian eustatic sea level rise. There is no evidence in the English succession for slightly later regression, elsewhere considered coincident with the peak of the excursion and pivotal to some previous models explaining the SPICE.Keywords: Cambrian, Furongian, carbon isotope excursion, England, Avalonia Late Cambrian (Furongian) carbonate successions in many parts of the world (North America, Argentina, Siberia, Kazakhstan, China, Australia) contain an interval of markedly positive δ 13 C carb values, peaking at +5‰ (Saltzman et al., 2000;Kouchinsky et al., 2008). More recently, the same positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) has been identified in organic-rich mudstones of the Alum Shale Formation in southern Sweden, where δ 13 C org peak values are around -28‰ (with a maximum amplitude of around 2‰) (Ahlberg et al., 2009). This CIE, first recognised in the late Cambrian of North America by Brasier (1993) and confirmed as a global CIE by Saltzman et al. (1995), is termed the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) (Saltzman et al., 1998). We report here the occurrence of the SPICE in the Cambrian of central England, the first record in an Avalonian succession. The palaeogeographic setting of these mid-shelf clastic deposits contrasts with 1 areas where the SPICE has previously been identified (e.g. shallow carbonate shelf in North America; shallow, dysoxic-anoxic shelf in southern Sweden). This contrasting setting provides an opportunity to critically assess the likely driving mechanism(s) that created this global isotopic excursion.The SPICE is believed to have had a duration of about 4 Ma (Saltzman et al., 1998), although 3 Ma is probably a better estimate based on dates recently published by Peng and Babcock (2008). In common with other positive CIEs in the geological record, one interpretation of the SPICE is attributed to increased burial of organic carbon, that is enriched in isotopically light 12 C thus increasing the 13 C pool in the oceans. However, terrestrial weathering impacts relate...

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Carbon chemostratigraphy of the Cambrian-Ordovician transition in a midlatitude mixed platform, Montagne Noire, France

Cited by 49 publications

References 61 publications

Biofacies and palaeoenvironments of conodonts in Cambro‐Ordovician sequences of the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Cordillera Oriental of Jujuy, Argentina

Biofacies and palaeoenvironments of conodonts in Cambro‐Ordovician sequences of the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Cordillera Oriental of Jujuy, Argentina

Evidence for the development of local anoxia during the Cambrian SPICE event in eastern North America

The Furongian (late Cambrian) Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) in Avalonia

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