Carbon-coated nano-sized LiFe1−xMnxPO4 solid solutions (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) obtained from phosphate–formate precursors

Overview of olivines in lithium batteries for green transportation and energy storage

“…Indeed, the extraction and insertion of Li proceed at two steps at 3.4 and 4.1 V, as the iron ions are reduced before the manganese ions [63][64][65]. Since then, carbon-coated LiMn x Fe 1−x PO 4 has been prepared successfully by different techniques [66][67][68][69][70][71], and the electrochemical properties are now well known. The electrochemical properties strongly decrease at x≥0.8 [68].…”

“…The intermediate concentration x0 0.5-0.6 turns out to be a good compromise. The same tools as the ones we have described in the previous section for LiFePO 4 have been used to characterize the solid solution at these intermediate concentrations, namely magnetic experiments [64,65,68], FTIR experiments [65,71], Raman spectroscopy for the carbon coat [71], in addition to the conventional structural analyses including XRD and electron microscopy. As shown in Fig.…”

Polyanionic Compounds as Cathode Materials

“…One of them is to find a compromise between LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 with the solid solution LiMn y Fe 1Ày PO 4 , and find the maximum value of y that can be used before the problems outlined for LiMnPO 4 will take over [154]. Indeed, the carbon coating is easier and C-LiMn y Fe 1Ày PO 4 has been synthesized using different techniques [155][156][157][158][159][160]. The best compromise turns out to be y~0.7 in which case the capacity is still 160 [157].…”

“…Indeed, the carbon coating is easier and C-LiMn y Fe 1Ày PO 4 has been synthesized using different techniques [155][156][157][158][159][160]. The best compromise turns out to be y~0.7 in which case the capacity is still 160 [157]. However, this capacity is delivered only at low C-rate.…”

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiCo1/3Fe2/3PO4/C composite using nano CoFe2O4 as precursor

“…Moreover, it is very important to make homogeneous LiCo x Fe 1-x PO 4 cathode materials because the fact that, generally, the electrochemical behaviors of multi-component olivine cathode always depend on the local distribution of cations in the crystallite [8,19] and a remarkably homogeneous distribution of cations in LiMPO 4 (M=Mn, Fe, Co) affords the cathode material superior electrochemical performance [20]. Commonly, homogeneous LiFePO 4 -based cathode materials can be obtained by solution methods [13].…”