Carbon dioxide concentration in air within the Nerja Cave (Malaga, Andalusia, Spain)

Abstract

the CO 2 concentration of the air in the interior and exterior of the Nerja Cave was studied and its relation with the air temperature and visitor number. The average annual CO 2 concentration outside of the cave is 320 ppmv, whilst inside, the mean concentration increases to 525 ppmv during autumn and winter, and in the order of 750 ppmv during spring and summer. The temporal variation of CO 2 content in the air of the cave is strongly influenced by its degree of natural ventilation which is, in turn, determined by the difference between external and internal air temperatures. During autumn, winter and spring, a positive correlation between the CO 2 content of the air inside the cave and the temperature difference between the external and internal air was observed, such that when this difference increased, there was a higher level of CO 2 within the cave. Then, the ventilation is high and CO 2 levels are mainly of human origin. During summer, there was a negative correlation between CO 2 and the temperature difference between the air outside and that inside the cave: when the temperature difference increases, the CO 2 content within the cave is lower. At this time of the year, the renovation of the air is much slower due to the lower ventilation. A positive correlation between CO 2 concentration of the air in the cave and the visitor number can only be observed during August, the month that receives the most visits throughout the year averaging 100,000.

Tourist carrying capacity of Santana cave (PETAR-SP, Brazil): A new method based on a critical atmospheric parameter

“…The analysis of the data in Table 2 shows that the CO 2 rates were impacted by the human presence, as observed in other studies related to show cave management (e.g. Liñán, Vadillo, & Carrasco, 2008). However, considering the principle of stabilization of the variable after the impact, in Santana cave the CO 2 was not considered the critical atmospheric factor to the cave management.…”

A case study of anthropogenic impact on the CO2 levels in low-volume profile of the Balcarka Cave (Moravian Karst, Czech Republic)

“…This phenomenon was documented by many studies, e.g., Merenne-Schoumaker (1975), Faimon et al (2006), Liñán et al (2008), Milanolo & Gabrovšek (2009), Šebela et al (2013Šebela et al ( ), or Lang et al (2015. It is generally believed that anthropogenic CO 2 contributes to total cave CO 2 level by the net positive flux derived from visitor exhaling.…”

Espeleoclima E Manejo De Cavernas: Estado-Da-Arte

“…Estes mesmos processos possibilitam o acúmulo de CO 2 , quer pelo carreamento de matéria orgânica nos rios -a qual posteriormente entra em decomposição -, quer pelo transporte por águas meteóricas do CO 2 originado no solo acima da caverna (BUECHER, 1999;CARRASCO et al, 2002;LIÑÁN et al, 2008).…”