Carbon dioxide induces endotrophic germ tube formation in <i>Candida albicans</i>

Mock, Ruth C.; Pollack, Jordan H.; Hashimoto, Tadayo

doi:10.1139/m90-043

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Australian Dental Journal 1998;43:(1): [45][46][47][48][49][50] C a n d i d a -a s s o c i a ted denture stoma t i t i s . Aetiology and m a n a g e m e n t : A r e v i e w .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida‐associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review: Part1. Factors influencing distribution of candida species in the oral cavity

Webb

Thomas

Willcox

et al. 1998

Australian Dental Journal

205

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candida species are yeasts and within the oral cavity, Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated. There is clear evidence that C. albicans adheres to oral surfaces including acrylic dentures and mucosa. The mechanisms of attachment differ, with candidal adhesion to inert surfaces under the control of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces and adhesion to mucosa dependent on a number of complex ligand-recognition systems. Other factors within the oral environment such as saliva, pH, bacteria and hyphal formation have been shown to influence adhesion of candida species to surfaces in the mouth.

show abstract

“…Australian Dental Journal 1998;43:(1): [45][46][47][48][49][50] C a n d i d a -a s s o c i a ted denture stoma t i t i s . Aetiology and m a n a g e m e n t : A r e v i e w .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida‐associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review: Part1. Factors influencing distribution of candida species in the oral cavity

Webb

Thomas

Willcox

et al. 1998

Australian Dental Journal

205

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Opportunistic fungal pathogens exposed to ambient air in a natural environmental setting must overcome dramatic changes in CO 2 levels during infection (150-fold change from 0.036 to 5%). In Candida albicans, which causes superficial and systemic candidiasis in immunocompromised patients, high CO 2 levels induce the morphological transition from yeast to hypha that is an important virulence attribute contributing to tissue adhesion and invasion of the pathogen (Sims 1986;Mock et al 1990). Recently it has been reported that CO 2 sensing by C. albicans is mediated by adenylyl cyclase, which produces cAMP, thereby activating protein kinase A (PKA) to trigger filamentous growth (Klengel et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the CO2 Sensing Pathway Via Differential Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase in Cryptococcus neoformans

Kim

Maeng

et al. 2010

Genetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensing and metabolism via carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play pivotal roles in survival and proliferation of pathogenic fungi infecting human hosts from natural environments due to the drastic difference in CO2 levels. In Cryptococcus neoformans, which causes fatal fungal meningoencephalitis, the Can2 CA plays essential roles during both cellular growth in air and sexual differentiation of the pathogen. However the signaling networks downstream of Can2 are largely unknown. To address this question, the present study employed comparative transcriptome DNA microarray analysis of a C. neoformans strain in which CAN2 expression is artificially controlled by the CTR4 (copper transporter) promoter. The PCTR4∷CAN2 strain showed growth defects in a CO2-dependent manner when CAN2 was repressed but resumed normal growth when CAN2 was overexpressed. The Can2-dependent genes identified by the transcriptome analysis include FAS1 (fatty acid synthase 1) and GPB1 (G-protein β subunit), supporting the roles of Can2 in fatty acid biosynthesis and sexual differentiation. Cas3, a capsular structure designer protein, was also discovered to be Can2-dependent and yet was not involved in CO2-mediated capsule induction. Most notably, a majority of Can2-dependent genes were environmental stress-regulated (ESR) genes. Supporting this, the CAN2 overexpression strain was hypersensitive to oxidative and genotoxic stress as well as antifungal drugs, such as polyene and azole drugs, potentially due to defective membrane integrity. Finally, an oxidative stress-responsive Atf1 transcription factor was also found to be Can2-dependent. Atf1 not only plays an important role in diverse stress responses, including thermotolerance and antifungal drug resistance, but also represses melanin and capsule production in C. neoformans. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the comprehensive signaling networks orchestrated by CA/CO2-sensing pathways in pathogenic fungi.

show abstract

“…This effect is due to mechanisms still unknown [21,22]. Mock et al [21] has suggested four possible mechanisms: (1) the variation of endocellular pH, (2) the maintenance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by anaplerotic reactions, (3) the inhibition or the stimulation of enzymes involved in the morphogenesis, and (4) the regulation of certain genes coding key morphogenic substances. Changes in internal pH, likely related to the activation of proton-pumping by the cytoplasmic membrane ATPases, have been proved to accompany germ-tube emergence in C. albicans [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of glucose starvation on germ-tube production byCandida albicans

et al. 1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By incubating starved and unstarved yeast cells in synthetic media with a pH of 4.5 or 6.7 at 37 degrees C the effect of a 3 hours' glucose starvation on germ-tube production by Candida albicans was evaluated. In addition the endocellular content of total carbohydrates, glycogen, trehalose and proteins after and before the starvation were dosed. The most interesting result was the overcoming of the pH-regulated dimorphism, thanks to the starvation treatment. In fact the starved cultures produced germ-tubes indifferently in neutral or acid media, whereas the filamentation of the unstarved cultures was more copious in pH 6.7 medium. The endocellular content of trehalose and protein was unchanged, whereas total carbohydrates and glycogen showed a shortage after the 3 hours' glucose starvation. The possible involvements of these metabolic changes in the regulation of dimorphic transition are discussed.

show abstract

Carbon dioxide induces endotrophic germ tube formation in Candida albicans

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Candida‐associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review: Part1. Factors influencing distribution of candida species in the oral cavity

Candida‐associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review: Part1. Factors influencing distribution of candida species in the oral cavity

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the CO2 Sensing Pathway Via Differential Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase in Cryptococcus neoformans

Effect of glucose starvation on germ-tube production byCandida albicans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About