Carbon dioxide limitation of marine phytoplankton growth rates

Riebesell, Ulf; Wolf‐Gladrow, Dieter; Smetacek, Victor

doi:10.1038/361249a0

Cited by 559 publications

(433 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, growth and/or carbon fixation of other diatoms (C. brevis, C. debilis, Rhizosolenia cf. alata, P. subcurvata and P. alata) and P. antarctica remained unaffected by lowered pH (Riebesell et al, 1991;Boelen et al, 2007;Hoogstraten et al, 2012;Trimborn et al, 2013;Hoppe et al, 2015) suggesting that overall, the SO phytoplankton species investigated do not seem to benefit from lowered pH levels.…”

Section: Ocean Acidification -Ph and Comentioning

confidence: 92%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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Section: Ocean Acidification -Ph and Comentioning

confidence: 92%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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“…Equation (4) also includes aqueous CO 2 as a nutrient, so that we may examine possible fertilization effects due to Sabine et al (2004) increasing atmospheric CO 2 content in the future. Under optimal light and nutrient conditions, CO 2 (aq) can limit the photosynthetic rate even with abundant DIC, if the diffusive CO 2 transport is sufficiently slow (Riebesell et al, 1993). The light or solar irradiance limitation is given by:…”

Section: New Features In Mesmo Biogeochemistry Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future, when iron, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification become operational, NO 3 and PO 4 will become more meaningful as independent nutrient tracers. As for K CO 2 (aq) , we use the value of 0.5×10 −6 mol kg −1 (Riebesell et al, 1993) and keep it constant, since little is actually known about CO 2 limitation and much of what is known comes from the work of Riebesell.…”

Section: Biogeochemistry Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of the Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 1.0)

et al. 2008

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Abstract.Here we describe the first version of the Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 1.0), an intermediate complexity model based on the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system model (GENIE-1). As with GENIE-1, MESMO has a 3D dynamical ocean, energy-moisture balance atmosphere, dynamic and thermodynamic sea ice, and marine biogeochemistry. Main development goals of MESMO were to: (1) bring oceanic uptake of anthropogenic transient tracers within data constraints; (2) increase vertical resolution in the upper ocean to better represent near-surface biogeochemical processes; (3) calibrate the deep ocean ventilation with observed abundance of radiocarbon. We achieved all these goals through a combination of objective model optimization and subjective targeted tuning. An important new feature in MESMO that dramatically improved the uptake of CFC-11 and anthropogenic carbon is the depth dependent vertical diffusivity in the ocean, which is spatially uniform in GENIE-1. In MESMO, biological production occurs in the top two layers above the compensation depth of 100 m and is modified by additional parameters, for example, diagnosed mixed layer depth. In contrast, production in GENIE-1 occurs in a single layer with thickness of 175 m. These improvements make MESMO a wellcalibrated model of intermediate complexity suitable for investigations of the global marine carbon cycle requiring long integration time.

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“…The current trend of accumulating CO 2 goes hand in hand with regional trends in other climate factors, especially increasing temperatures and increasing temperature vari- availability of other nutrients (e.g. Riebesell et al, 1993;Wolf-Gladrow et al, 1999) and to affect calcification processes in phytoplankton, other effects of CO 2 on the physiology of marine organisms, especially animals, are not very well understood. In 1996, the observed accumulation of CO 2 in surface water had already caused a decrease in water pH by 0.1 pH units (Haugan and Drange, 1996) and a detectable impact on planktonic algae was observed (Riebesell et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

Pörtner

Langenbuch

Reipschläger

2004

Journal of Oceanography

635

463

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CO 2 currently accumulating in the atmosphere permeates into ocean surface layers, where it may impact on marine animals in addition to effects caused by global warming. At the same time, several countries are developing scenarios for the disposal of anthropogenic CO 2 in the worlds' oceans, especially the deep sea. Elevated CO 2 partial pressures (hypercapnia) will affect the physiology of water breathing animals, a phenomenon also considered in recent discussions of a role for CO 2 in mass extinction events in earth history. Our current knowledge of CO 2 effects ranges from effects of hypercapnia on acid-base regulation, calcification and growth to influences on respiration, energy turnover and mode of metabolism. The present paper attempts to evaluate critical processes and the thresholds beyond which these effects may become detrimental. CO 2 elicits acidosis not only in the water, but also in tissues and body fluids. Despite compensatory accumulation of bicarbonate, acid-base parameters (pH, bicarbonate and CO 2 levels) and ion levels reach new steady-state values, with specific, long-term effects on metabolic functions. Even though such processes may not be detrimental, they are expected to affect long-term growth and reproduction and may thus be harmful at population and species levels. Sensitivity is maximal in ommastrephid squid, which are characterized by a high metabolic rate and extremely pH-sensitive blood oxygen transport. Acute sensitivity is interpreted to be less in fish with intracellular blood pigments and higher capacities to compensate for CO 2 induced acid-base disturbances than invertebrates. Virtually nothing is known about the degree to which deep-sea fishes are affected by short or long term hypercapnia. Sensitivity to CO 2 is hypothesized to be related to the organizational level of an animal, its energy requirements and mode of life. Long-term effects expected at population and species levels are in line with recent considerations of a detrimental role of CO 2 during mass extinctions in the earth's history. Future research is needed in this area to evaluate critical effects of the various CO 2 disposal scenarios.

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Carbon dioxide limitation of marine phytoplankton growth rates

Cited by 559 publications

References 16 publications

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

First description of the Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 1.0)

Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History

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