Carbon dioxide uptake as ammonia and amine carbamates and their efficient conversion into urea and 1,3-disubstituted ureas

Barzagli, Francesco; Mani, Fabrizio; Peruzzini, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2015.12.006

“…Globally, more than 50% of the produced CO 2 has subjected to the urea synthesis process. Barzagli et al (2016) studied the potential of CO 2 capture via aqueous and gaseous ammonia under ambient conditions. Based on the ammonia concentrations, they emphasised that capturing amounts achieved up to 99%.…”

Section: Production Of Urea From Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review

Osman

¹

,

Hefny

²

,

Maksoud

³

et al. 2020

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Human activities have led to a massive increase in $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions as a primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to climate change with higher than $$1\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 1 ∘ C global warming than that of the pre-industrial level. We evaluate the three major technologies that are utilised for carbon capture: pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel combustion. We review the advances in carbon capture, storage and utilisation. We compare carbon uptake technologies with techniques of carbon dioxide separation. Monoethanolamine is the most common carbon sorbent; yet it requires a high regeneration energy of 3.5 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 . Alternatively, recent advances in sorbent technology reveal novel solvents such as a modulated amine blend with lower regeneration energy of 2.17 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 . Graphene-type materials show $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 adsorption capacity of 0.07 mol/g, which is 10 times higher than that of specific types of activated carbon, zeolites and metal–organic frameworks. $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 geosequestration provides an efficient and long-term strategy for storing the captured $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 in geological formations with a global storage capacity factor at a Gt-scale within operational timescales. Regarding the utilisation route, currently, the gross global utilisation of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 is lower than 200 million tonnes per year, which is roughly negligible compared with the extent of global anthropogenic $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions, which is higher than 32,000 million tonnes per year. Herein, we review different $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 utilisation methods such as direct routes, i.e. beverage carbonation, food packaging and oil recovery, chemical industries and fuels. Moreover, we investigated additional $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 utilisation for base-load power generation, seasonal energy storage, and district cooling and cryogenic direct air $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 capture using geothermal energy. Through bibliometric mapping, we identified the research gap in the literature within this field which requires future investigations, for instance, designing new and stable ionic liquids, pore size and selectivity of metal–organic frameworks and enhancing the adsorption capacity of novel solvents. Moreover, areas such as techno-economic evaluation of novel solvents, process design and dynamic simulation require further effort as well as research and development before pilot- and commercial-scale trials.

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“…However, large amounts of energy are still required for the reaction. In other report, urea has been synthesized from ammonium carbamate and ammonium bicarbonate mixtures as the substrate; 33 in this report, a 48.9% yield of urea was achieved at 165 °C, 3.6 MPa, and 90 min of incubation. Large amounts of energy for heating and compressing are still required for the reaction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

Organic bases catalyze the synthesis of urea from ammonium salts derived from recovered environmental ammonia

Manaka

¹

,

Nagatsuka

²

,

Motokura

³

2020

Sci Rep

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Ammonia from sewage and livestock manure is a major environmental pollutant. to consume environmental ammonia, we investigated the organic base-catalyzed synthesis of urea. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) catalyzes the conversion of ammonium carbamate to urea in 35% yield at 100 °C. Moreover, DBU also converts other ammonium salts into urea. A mechanism that involves nucleophilic attack of ammonia following ion exchange is proposed.

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“…On the contrary, an excellent DHU yield as 92.5% was able to be obtained at 170 °C within 2 h and remains almost constant until 4 h. These results suggest that a certain optimum temperature is required to carry out dehydration of carbamate salt (RNH 3 + RNHCO 2 − ) to form corresponding urea. It is worthy of mentioning that the thermal synthesis of urea from CO 2 and NH 3 is a reversible and exothermic reaction (Δ H o total = −119 kJ mol −1 ), [ 48 ] where the increasing temperature has a negative impact on the reaction equilibrium according to the Le Chatelier's principle. Accordingly, just elevating the temperature for this carboxylation would not be favorable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to form corresponding urea. It is worthy of mentioning that the thermal synthesis of urea from CO 2 and NH 3 is a reversible and exothermic reaction (ΔH o total = −119 kJ mol −1 ), [48] where the increasing temperature has a negative impact on the reaction equilibrium according to the Le Chatelier's principle. Accordingly, just elevating the temperature for this carboxylation would not be favorable.…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Azo‐Bridged Cesium Salt of Phenolate/Triazolide as an Unprecedented Carboxylation Catalyst for 1,3‐Disubtituted Ureas from CO₂ and Amines

Truong

¹

,

Tran

²

,

Nguyen

³

et al. 2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

2

0

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From the perspectives of environmental and economic benefits, the catalytic fixation of CO 2 is considered one of the best pathways to mitigate the CO 2 concentration. Towards this end, several extensive efforts to convert CO 2 into commodity chemicals and fuels have been undertaken over past decades. [4] For example, several useful molecules including methanol, carbonates, heterocycles, carboxylated compounds, etc., could be synthesized from the catalytic valorization of CO 2. [5-7] Although being considered as a cheap and abundant source of carbon, the thermodynamic inertness and kinetic limitation of carbon dioxide has still remained an impediment to the activation of this molecule. [8] 1,3-Disubstituted ureas (DSUs) are an important class of carbonyl compounds, which are widely used as intermediates in the production of fine chemicals, agrochemicals, and bioactive molecules. [9-12] Besides, DSUs can be readily transformed to corre

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Carbon dioxide uptake as ammonia and amine carbamates and their efficient conversion into urea and 1,3-disubstituted ureas

Cited by 49 publications

References 55 publications

Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review

Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review

Organic bases catalyze the synthesis of urea from ammonium salts derived from recovered environmental ammonia

Azo‐Bridged Cesium Salt of Phenolate/Triazolide as an Unprecedented Carboxylation Catalyst for 1,3‐Disubtituted Ureas from CO₂ and Amines

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Carbon dioxide uptake as ammonia and amine carbamates and their efficient conversion into urea and 1,3-disubstituted ureas

Cited by 49 publications

References 55 publications

Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review

Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review

Organic bases catalyze the synthesis of urea from ammonium salts derived from recovered environmental ammonia

Azo‐Bridged Cesium Salt of Phenolate/Triazolide as an Unprecedented Carboxylation Catalyst for 1,3‐Disubtituted Ureas from CO2 and Amines

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Product

Resources

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Azo‐Bridged Cesium Salt of Phenolate/Triazolide as an Unprecedented Carboxylation Catalyst for 1,3‐Disubtituted Ureas from CO₂ and Amines