Carbon Dots Hybrid Nanostructure-based Electrochemical Sensors: Applications in Determining Different Species in a Real Sample

Abstract

This overview describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of different carbon dots hybrid nanostructures obtained by chemical interaction between nanomaterials or nanomaterials bonded to another material, i.e. silicon (SiO2/Carbon dots-N), reduced graphene oxide (rGO/Carbon dots), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/Carbon dots), nano magnetite (Carbon dots/Fe3O4), reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles (rGO/Carbon dots/AuNPs), copper oxide (CuO/Carbon dots), and Carbon dots/Metallic NPs that were employed in the development of electrochemical (bio)sensors. The formation of different carbon dots hybrid nanostructures has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and electrochemical techniques. These carbon dots hybrid nanostructures have been used to modify the surface of glassy carbon and screen-printed electrodes and to determine various analytes, i.e., dopamine, uric acid, paracetamol, ephynefrin, dihydroxybenzenes, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, NADH, and other substances in real samples.

Non-enzymatic biosensor based on F,S-doped carbon dots/copper nanoarchitecture applied in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of NADH, dopamine, and uric acid in plasma

“…Nanostructures based on carbon dots (Cdots) are attracting more and more attention from researchers to be used in the development of electrochemical sensors for the determination of different species due to their excellent electrocatalytic properties. [9][10][11][12] The good electrocatalytic properties are due to the synergistic effect between Cdots and other metallic species that improve the electron transfer at the electrode-solution interface and the adsorption capacity of species on the surface due to different functional groups.…”

“…Nanostructures based on carbon dots (Cdots) are attracting more and more attention from researchers to be used in the development of electrochemical sensors for the determination of different species due to their excellent electrocatalytic properties. 9–12…”