Carbon Emission Accounting in Mrio Models: The Territory vs. The Residence Principle

Usubiaga, Arkaitz; Acosta-Fernández, José

doi:10.1080/09535314.2015.1049126

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…health and social work services, road infrastructure (Ivanova et al 2015). Tourism and transport sectors are potentially more affected by residents' spending abroad, which may bring about higher uncertainty of results in those sectors (Usubiaga and Acosta-Fernández 2015). See the SI, appendix 2 and 3, for details on the data and method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 (2017) 054013 uncertainty of results (Usubiaga andAcosta-Fernández 2015, Statistisches Bundesamt 2010). Transport fuel emissions are also particularly significant in France due to commuting to adjacent countries, as well as Greece and Cyprus, which have large vessel fleets in proportion to their size resulting in a higher fuel use of marine bunkers (Usubiaga and Acosta-Fernández 2015). The contribution of indirect emissions from private vehicles, other transport equipment and public transport services is generally much lower.…”

Section: Eu Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the carbon footprint of EU regions

Ivanova

Vita

Steen-Olsen

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

239

168

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While the EU Commission has encouraged Member States to combine national and international climate change mitigation measures with subnational environmental policies, there has been little harmonized effort towards the quantification of embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from household consumption across European regions. This study develops an inventory of carbon footprints associated with household consumption for 177 regions in 27 EU countries, thus, making a key contribution for the incorporation of consumption-based accounting into local decision-making. Footprint calculations are based on consumer expenditure surveys and environmental and trade detail from the EXIOBASE 2.3 multiregional input-output database describing the world economy in 2007 at the detail of 43 countries, 5 rest-of-the-world regions and 200 product sectors. Our analysis highlights the spatial heterogeneity of embodied GHG emissions within multiregional countries with subnational ranges varying widely between 0.6 and 6.5 tCO 2 e/cap. The significant differences in regional contribution in terms of total and per capita emissions suggest notable differences with regards to climate change responsibility. The study further provides a breakdown of regional emissions by consumption categories (e.g. housing, mobility, food). In addition, our region-level study evaluates driving forces of carbon footprints through a set of socio-economic, geographic and technical factors. Income is singled out as the most important driver for a region's carbon footprint, although its explanatory power varies significantly across consumption domains. Additional factors that stand out as important on the regional level include household size, urban-rural typology, level of education, expenditure patterns, temperature, resource availability and carbon intensity of the electricity mix. The lack of cross-national region-level studies has so far prevented analysts from drawing broader policy conclusions that hold beyond national and regional borders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eu Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the carbon footprint of EU regions

Ivanova

Vita

Steen-Olsen

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

239

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…) often used in land and water footprinting analysis, however, assume that the full embodied emissions in the exports from country A to B are caused by country A . Since we want to allocate emissions and resource uses embodied in trade flows to the country where these are taking place, a GMRIO approach is the way forward. Using the territorial principle rather than the residential principle (Usubiaga and Acosta‐Fernandez ). A simple example: Petrol is cheap in Luxembourg, so many people from neighboring countries buy petrol in Luxembourg.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Robustness Of Footprints Calculated With Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations

Tukker

Koning

Owen

et al. 2018

J of Industrial Ecology

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SummaryGlobal multiregional input-output databases (GMRIOs) became the standard tool for tracking environmental impacts through global supply chains. To date, several GMRIOs are available, but the numerical results differ. This paper considers how GMRIOs can be made more robust and authoritative. We show that GMRIOs need detail in environmentally relevant sectors. On the basis of a review of earlier work, we conclude that the highest uncertainty in footprint analyses is caused by the environmental data used in a GMRIO, followed by the size of country measured in gross domestic product (GDP) as fraction of the global total, the structure of the national table, and only at the end the structure of trade. We suggest the following to enhance robustness of results. In the short term, we recommend using the Single country National Accounts Consistent footprint approach, that uses official data for extensions and the national table for the country in question, combined with embodiments in imports calculated using a GMRIO. In a time period of 2 to 3 years, we propose work on harmonized environmental data for water, carbon, materials, and land, and use the aggregated Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Inter-Country Input-Output GMRIO as default in combination with detailing procedures developed in, for example, the EXIOBASE and Eora projects. In the long term, solutions should be coordinated by the international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) Statistical Division, OECD, and Eurostat. This could ensure that when input-output tables and trade data of individual countries are combined, that the global totals are consistent and that bilateral trade asymmetries are resolved. Keywords:embodiments in trade footprints impact assessment industrial ecology input-output analysis (IOA) statistical offices Conflict of interest statement:The authors have no conflict to declare.

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“…The residence principle is the technique used within the system of national accounts, thus this should be reflected in the data used to construct consumption accounts. It is perhaps an indication of the intention of the MRIO database construction community that the most recent database, EXIOBASE takes the residence principle (Usubiaga and Acosta-Fernández, 2015).…”

Section: Residence or Territorial Principle?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining value chain differences in MRIO databases through structural path decomposition

Owen

Wood

Barrett

et al. 2016

Economic Systems Research

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Many multiregional input-output (MRIO) databases are used to calculate consumption-based accounts. Results feature in climate policy discussion on emissions reduction responsibilities; yet studies show that outcomes produced by each database differ. This paper compares the emissions associated with value chains from Eora, EXIOBASE, GTAP and WIOD. Structural path analysis identifies the largest paths in each database and the differences in common paths are calculated. For the top 100 value chain paths that contain the largest difference, structural path decomposition is used to identify the contribution each part of the value chain makes towards the difference. The results identify and quantify key flows that are the cause of difference in the databases. From these, we can conclude that key MRIO database construction decisions, such as using the residence or territorial principle for emissions allocation and whether energy spends are reallocated based on physical data, are the major causes of differences. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Carbon Emission Accounting in Mrio Models: The Territory vs. The Residence Principle

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Mapping the carbon footprint of EU regions

Mapping the carbon footprint of EU regions

Towards Robust, Authoritative Assessments of Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Current State and Recommendations

Explaining value chain differences in MRIO databases through structural path decomposition

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