Carbon emissions from forest conversion by Kalimantan oil palm plantations

Carlson, Kimberly M.; Curran, Lisa M.; Asner, Gregory P.; Pittman, Alice M.; Trigg, Simon N.; Adeney, J. Marion

doi:10.1038/nclimate1702

Cited by 398 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), oil palm coverage has increased from < 0.2 % of total land area in 1990, to 6 % in 2010 (Carlson et al, 2012). However, only a fraction of awarded leases have so far been converted to oil palm: if all current awarded leases were converted, plantations would cover 23 % of Kalimantan (125 484 km 2 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

A global model study of the impact of land-use change in Borneo on atmospheric composition

et al. 2013

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In this study, a high resolution version of the Cambridge p-TOMCAT chemical transport model is used, along with measurement data from the 2008 NERC-funded Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes (OP3) project, to examine the potential impact of the expansion of oil palm in Borneo on atmospheric composition. Several model emission scenarios are run for the OP3 measurement period, incorporating emissions from both global datasets and local flux measurements. Using the OP3 observed isoprene fluxes and OH recycling chemistry in p-TOMCAT substantially improves the comparison between modelled and observed isoprene and OH concentrations relative to using MEGAN isoprene emissions without OH recycling. However, a similar improvement was also achieved without using HO_x recycling, by fixing boundary layer isoprene concentrations over Borneo to follow the OP3 observations. An extreme hypothetical future scenario, in which all of Borneo is converted to oil palm plantation, assessed the sensitivity of the model to changes in isoprene and NO_x emissions associated with land-use change. This scenario suggested a 70% upper limit on surface ozone increases resulting from land-use change on Borneo, excluding the impact of future changes in emissions elsewhere. Although the largest changes in this scenario occurred directly over Borneo, the model also calculated notable regional changes of O₃, OH and other species downwind of Borneo and in the free troposphere

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confidence: 99%

A global model study of the impact of land-use change in Borneo on atmospheric composition

et al. 2013

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“…S1) relative to a global total of 40-49 GtCO 2 e from 2000 to 2010 (7). Deforestation in Indonesia is largely driven by the expansion of profitable and legally sanctioned oil palm and timber plantations and logging operations (5,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). National and provincial governments zone areas of forest land to be logged or converted to plantation agriculture, and then district governments issue licenses to individual companies for these purposes ("concessions") (14,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reductions in emissions from deforestation from Indonesia’s moratorium on new oil palm, timber, and logging concessions

Busch

Ferretti-Gallon

Engelmann

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, Indonesia instituted a nationwide moratorium on new license areas (“concessions”) for oil palm plantations, timber plantations, and logging activity on primary forests and peat lands after May 2011. Here we indirectly evaluate the effectiveness of this policy using annual nationwide data on deforestation, concession licenses, and potential agricultural revenue from the decade preceding the moratorium. We estimate that on average granting a concession for oil palm, timber, or logging in Indonesia increased site-level deforestation rates by 17–127%, 44–129%, or 3.1–11.1%, respectively, above what would have occurred otherwise. We further estimate that if Indonesia’s moratorium had been in place from 2000 to 2010, then nationwide emissions from deforestation over that decade would have been 241–615 MtCO2e (2.8–7.2%) lower without leakage, or 213–545 MtCO2e (2.5–6.4%) lower with leakage. As a benchmark, an equivalent reduction in emissions could have been achieved using a carbon price-based instrument at a carbon price of $3.30–7.50/tCO2e (mandatory) or $12.95–19.45/tCO2e (voluntary). For Indonesia to have achieved its target of reducing emissions by 26%, the geographic scope of the moratorium would have had to expand beyond new concessions (15.0% of emissions from deforestation and peat degradation) to also include existing concessions (21.1% of emissions) and address deforestation outside of concessions and protected areas (58.7% of emissions). Place-based policies, such as moratoria, may be best thought of as bridge strategies that can be implemented rapidly while the institutions necessary to enable carbon price-based instruments are developed.

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“…However, among carbon components, emissions and their corresponding environment factors from land-use and landcover change are perhaps the most uncertain components of the global carbon cycle, with enormous implications for estimating the current carbon budget and for modelling scenarios of climate change over the next 10-50 years (Ramankutty et al, 2007;Carlson et al, 2012, Carlson et al, 2013. Because peatlands sequester relatively high carbon stocks -especially below ground -these forests may play an important role in moderating atmospheric CO 2 concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because peatlands sequester relatively high carbon stocks -especially below ground -these forests may play an important role in moderating atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. However, forest degradation, land cover changes, and altered drainage, combined with changes in temperature and precipitation, are transforming peatland forests into major carbon sources rather than stores/sinks (Carlson et al, 2012, Carlson et al, 2013. Moreover, degradation of forest coverage is often a complex process with some degree of ecological recovery and a strong interaction with climatic fluctuations (Jones & Schmitz, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sago, corn, pineapple, and vegetables) or large-scale agricultural plantations (e.g. oil palm) involving extensive drainage of peatlands, particularly in Indonesia (Achten & Verchot, 2011;Carlson et al, 2012, Carlson et al, 2013. These peatlands have also incurred synergistic exposure to drought and wildfires (Langner, Miettinen, & Siegert, 2007;Page, Hoscilo, & Tansey, 2008;Langner & Siegert, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Drainage Ditches on Water Table Level, Soil Conditions and Tree Growth of Degraded Peatland Forests in West Kalimantan

et al. 2017

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in Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. This paper studies the effect of drainage ditches into the peat land water table. Results show the establishment of drainage ditches on this peatland landscape lowered the water table by more than 3 times from ~11.7 cm (SE = 1.5, n = 5) to ~37.3 cm (SE = 2.1 cm, n = 26). The effect on the water table was in drier months of July-August. Lowering the water table level altered worst the soil micro climate, peat temperature and peat water content. The results indicate the land use changes in peatland with the establishment of drainage affects peatland water table currently. In the area of less than 500 m from the drainage, the water level tends to lower toward the drainage feature. Therefore, recovery of peatland forests should be initiated by managing the landscape hydrology (i.e. water table) to restore the ecosystem and to protect the remaining peat swamp forest.Keywords: Degraded peatland forest, drainage ditches, ecosystem restoration, soil micro climate, tropical peatland. DAMPAK PARIT DRAINASE TERHADAP TINGGI

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Carbon emissions from forest conversion by Kalimantan oil palm plantations

Cited by 398 publications

References 21 publications

A global model study of the impact of land-use change in Borneo on atmospheric composition

A global model study of the impact of land-use change in Borneo on atmospheric composition

Reductions in emissions from deforestation from Indonesia’s moratorium on new oil palm, timber, and logging concessions

Effects of Drainage Ditches on Water Table Level, Soil Conditions and Tree Growth of Degraded Peatland Forests in West Kalimantan

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