Carbon-incorporated TiO2 photoelectrodes prepared via rapid-anodic oxidation for efficient visible-light hydrogen generation

Low-temperature crystallization of TiO2 nanotube arrays via hot water treatment and their photocatalytic properties under visible-light irradiation

“…6. Stretching vibrations consistent with aliphatic amines (ÀCÀNH 2 ) and amino acids (eNH 3 þ ) were detected from as-grown array at 1461 and 1072 cm À1 , respectively, corresponding to the presence of a byproduct; ammonium titanium hexafluoride [(NH 4 )TiF 6 ] [19,34]. This is confirmed by the vibration band of ammonium ions (NH 4 þ ) at 1405 cm À1 , associated with NeH deformation vibration at 1558 cm À1 [12].…”

“…The initial maximum (anodic spike) indicates good trapping filling and rapid transportation of charge carriers [33]. The cathodic spike that corresponds to the recombination of the e À at C B with h þ trapped at the surface [19] was not observed. This infers that anatase TiO 2 nanocrystallites possess high surface-active sites, such as surface OH groups and adsorbed oxygen [11,52].…”

“…TiO 2 nanotube arrays with a length of w15 mm were anodically formed in ethylene glycol (EG) electrolyte, containing 0.5 wt% HN 4 F and 1 wt% water at 60 V for 1 h [19]. As-grown arrays were immersed into hot deionized water with neutral pH (Advantec Aquarius RFD230NA, Japan) at 40e90 C for 1e12 h, and then dried at room temperature (w23 C) under ambient pressure.…”

Hydrogen Generation from Water Splitting on TiO2 Nanotube‐Array‐Based Photocatalysts

“…Notably, the cooling and heating rates are often set as 2 8Cmin À1 . [16,[30][31][32][33] Anatase TiO 2 nanotube arrays can be obtained after the above processes.…”

Grinding combined melt-diffusion synthesis of sulfur/P25 heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light

“…In view of the efficient utilization of solar spectrum, it is highly desirable to develop novel TiO 2 -based photocatalysts with high catalytic performances under a wide range of visible light irradiation. To achieve this goal, doping with metals as well as nonmetallic elements has been widely used to overcome the lack of visible light response of TiO 2 [17][18][19][20] [21][22][23] but often at the expense of photoefficiency because doping can decrease exciton lifetimes by producing recombination centers [21][22][23][24][25]. Therefore, the development of undoped TiO 2 -based visible-light-driven photocatalysts is urgent.…”