Carbon isotopic evidence for the associations of decreasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>level with the Frasnian‐Famennian mass extinction

Xu, Bing; Gu, Zhaoyan; Wang, Chengyuan; Hao, Qingzhen; Han, Jianqiao; Liu, Qiang; Luo, Wei; Lu, Yongming

doi:10.1029/2011jg001847

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…A significant increase in global-scale continental weathering rates would likely have resulted in a greatly enhanced delivery of nutrients to the marine realm, elevating primary-productivity levels and consequently stimulating widespread marine anoxia and burial of organic carbon (as previously proposed by e.g., Wilder, 1994;Algeo et al, 1995;Algeo and Scheckler, 1998;Averbuch et al, 2005), which may then have been sustained by remobilization of nutrients from aquatic sediments under those low-oxygen conditions (Murphy et al, 2000). Together with this organic-carbon burial, the enhanced silicate weathering could also have resulted in a drawdown of CO 2 and consequential global cooling, which has also been reported for the two Kellwasser crises (e.g., Joachimski and Buggisch, 2002;Balter et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2012;Le Houedec et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2018). Thus, the pattern of enhanced continental weathering rates immediately prior to/during the onsets of the two Kellwasser crises is consistent with evidence of several other environmental perturbations in effect during those times, and follows a relationship between climate change, continental weathering, and/or marine anoxia that is similar to scenarios proposed for a number of other major events throughout the Phanerozoic Aeon (e.g., Kaiser et al, 2006;Bond and Grasby, 2017;Jenkyns, 2018).…”

Section: Globally Enhanced Weathering Rates During the Frasnian-famensupporting

confidence: 53%

Pulses of enhanced continental weathering associated with multiple Late Devonian climate perturbations: Evidence from osmium-isotope compositions

Percival

Selby

Bond

et al. 2019

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Anomalously high rates of continental weathering have frequently been proposed as a key stimulus for the development of widespread marine anoxia during a number of Late Devonian environmental and biospheric crises, which included a major mass extinction during the Frasnian-Famennian transition (marked by the Upper and Lower Kellwasser horizons). Here, this model is investigated by presenting the first stratigraphic record of osmium-isotope trends (187 Os/ 188 Os) in upper Devonian strata from the Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland). Changes in reconstructed 187 Os/ 188 Os seawater values to more radiogenic compositions are documented at the base of both the Lower (~0.42 to ~0.83) and Upper (~0.31 to ~0.81) Kellwasser horizons characteristic of the Frasnian-Famennian transition, and additionally within upper Famennian shales that record a more minor environmental perturbation known as the Annulata Event (~0.20 to ~0.53). These shifts indicate the occurrence of extremely enhanced continental weathering rates at the onsets of the Kellwasser crises and during the later Annulata Event. The similarity of 187 Os/ 188 Os values in this study from Frasnian-Famennian boundary and lower Famennian strata (between 0.4-0.5) to those from North American stratigraphic equivalents suggests that the 187 Os/ 188 Os values record global trends. These findings support a causal relationship between increased continental weathering (and thus, nutrient supply to the marine shelf) and the environmental perturbations that occurred during numerous Late Devonian events, including both of the biospherically catastrophic Kellwasser crises as well as other, less severe, oceanic anoxic events.

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Section: Globally Enhanced Weathering Rates During the Frasnian-famensupporting

confidence: 53%

Pulses of enhanced continental weathering associated with multiple Late Devonian climate perturbations: Evidence from osmium-isotope compositions

Percival

Selby

Bond

et al. 2019

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…; Xu et al . ), as well as in the latest Frasnian strata of the Canning Basin, northwestern Australia (George et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional conditions during the Lower Kellwasser Event (Late Frasnian) in the deep-shelf Łysogóry Basin of the Holy Cross Mountains Poland

Rakociński

Pisarzowska

Janiszewska

et al. 2016

LET

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Integrated biostratigraphical, microfacial and geochemical studies of the Lower Kellwasser Event in the Płucki succession (southern Poland) provide details about redox conditions during the deposition of this horizon in the deep-shelf Łysog ory basin of the Holy Cross Mountains. The environment is characterized by calm sedimentation and soft, muddy carbonate substrate. However, microfacies changing from wackestones to grainstones, the presence of crushed or current-oriented nautiloid shells and the occurrence of redeposited material from shallow-water Dyminy Reef environments (such as calcispheroids, algae and girvanellid cyanobacteria) suggest episodes of a higher-energy regime. Uranium/thorium ratios indicate that bottom-water redox conditions changed periodically from being mainly anoxic in the middle part of the Lower Kellwasser Horizon to dysoxic in the lower and upper parts. During a short-term episode of bottom-water ventilation, the seafloor was rapidly colonized by a dense assemblage of opportunistic buchiolid bivalves, which suffered mass mortality upon the return to anoxic conditions. A very rich concentration of cephalopods and homoctenids may be regarded as reflecting a bloom of high-density populations during high-productivity events. Similarly, they suffered mass mortality when episodically increasing anoxia/euxinia reached the upper part of the water column. The Late Frasnian inorganic carbon isotope records in the Płucki section show a positive shift with a maximum amplitude of 3&. This enrichment in d 13 C can be correlated with the deposition of the Lower Kellwasser Horizon and reflects the expansion of anoxic and probably high-productivity regimes. □ Anoxia, Holy Cross Mountains, Late Devonian, Lower Kellwasser Event, redox conditions. Michał Rakoci nski [michal.rakocinski@us.edu.pl], Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Be z dzi nska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; Agnieszka Pisarzowska [ndpisarz@ cyf-kr.edu.pl],

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“…The Frasnian-Famennian Event (~372 Ma, F/F). The F/F event is characterized by a~9°C warming, a 3.0‰ positive carbon excursion (Joachimski et al, 2002(Joachimski et al, , 2009Xu et al, 2012), anoxic conditions, and widespread deposition of black shale (Murphy et al, 2000). The F/F event is one of the five largest biotic crises of the Phanerozoic and its impacts on low latitudes and shallow marine biota were much more severe than that on high latitudes and continental biota.…”

Section: Implications For Identifying Driving Mechanisms Of Other Hyperthermal Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two types of hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic: Environmental impacts, biotic effects, and driving mechanisms

Han

et al. 2020

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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A deeper understanding of hyperthermal events in the Earth's history can provide an important scientific basis for understanding and coping with global warming in the Anthropocene. Two types of hyperthermal events are classified based on the characteristics of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of the five representative hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The first type is overall characterized by negative CIEs (NCHE) and represented by the Permian-Triassic boundary event (PTB,~252 Ma), the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (TOAE,~183 Ma), and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum event (PETM,~56 Ma). The second type is overall characterized by positive CIEs (PCHE) and represented by the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event (OAE1a,~120 Ma) and the latest Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event (OAE2,~94 Ma). Hyperthermal events of negative CIEs (NCHE), lead to dramatic changes in temperature, sedimentation, and biodiversity. These events caused frequent occurrence of terrestrial wildfires, extreme droughts, acid rain, destruction of ozone layer, metal poisoning (such as mercury), changes in terrestrial water system, and carbonate platform demise, ocean acidification, ocean anoxia in marine settings, and various degree extinction of terrestrial and marine life, especially in shallow marine. In contrast, hyperthermal events of positive CIEs (PCHE), result in rapid warming of seawater and widespread oceanic anoxia, large-scale burial of organic matter and associated black shale deposition, which exerted more significant impacts on deep-water marine life, but little impacts on shallow sea and terrestrial life. While PCHEs were triggered by volcanism associated with LIPs in deep-sea environment, the released heat and nutrient were buffered by seawater due to their eruption in the deep sea, thus exerted more significant impacts on deep-marine biota than on shallow marine and terrestrial biota. This work enriches the study of hyperthermal events in geological history, not only for the understanding of hyperthermal events themselves, large igneous provinces, marine and terrestrial environment changes, mass extinctions, but also for providing a new method to identify the types of hyperthermal events and the inference of their driving mechanism based on the characteristics of carbon isotopic excursions and geological records.

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Carbon isotopic evidence for the associations of decreasing atmospheric CO₂level with the Frasnian‐Famennian mass extinction

Abstract: [1] A perturbation of the global carbon cycle has often been used for interpreting the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) mass extinction. However, the changes of atmospheric CO 2 level (pCO 2 ) during this interval are much debatable.

Cited by 23 publications

References 84 publications

Pulses of enhanced continental weathering associated with multiple Late Devonian climate perturbations: Evidence from osmium-isotope compositions

Pulses of enhanced continental weathering associated with multiple Late Devonian climate perturbations: Evidence from osmium-isotope compositions

Depositional conditions during the Lower Kellwasser Event (Late Frasnian) in the deep-shelf Łysogóry Basin of the Holy Cross Mountains Poland

Two types of hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic: Environmental impacts, biotic effects, and driving mechanisms

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Carbon isotopic evidence for the associations of decreasing atmospheric CO2level with the Frasnian‐Famennian mass extinction

Abstract: [1] A perturbation of the global carbon cycle has often been used for interpreting the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) mass extinction. However, the changes of atmospheric CO 2 level (pCO 2 ) during this interval are much debatable.

Cited by 23 publications

References 84 publications

Pulses of enhanced continental weathering associated with multiple Late Devonian climate perturbations: Evidence from osmium-isotope compositions

Pulses of enhanced continental weathering associated with multiple Late Devonian climate perturbations: Evidence from osmium-isotope compositions

Depositional conditions during the Lower Kellwasser Event (Late Frasnian) in the deep-shelf Łysogóry Basin of the Holy Cross Mountains Poland

Two types of hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic: Environmental impacts, biotic effects, and driving mechanisms

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Carbon isotopic evidence for the associations of decreasing atmospheric CO₂level with the Frasnian‐Famennian mass extinction