Carbon Nano-Onions Reinforced Multilayered Thin Film System for Stimuli-Responsive Drug Release

Abstract

Herein, poly (N-(4-aminophenyl) methacrylamide))-carbon nano-onions (PAPMA-CNOs = f-CNOs) and anilinated-poly (ether ether ketone) (AN-PEEK) have synthesized, and AN-PEEK/f-CNOs composite thin films were primed via layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly for stimuli-responsive drug release. The obtained thin films exhibited pH-responsive drug release in a controlled manner; pH 4.5 = 99.2% and pH 6.5 = 59.3% of doxorubicin (DOX) release was observed over 15 days. Supramolecular π-π stacking interactions between f-CNOs and DOX played a critical role in controlling drug release from thin films. Cell viability was studied with human osteoblast cells and augmented viability was perceived. Moreover, the thin films presented 891.4 ± 8.2 MPa of the tensile strength (σult), 43.2 ± 1.1 GPa of Young’s modulus (E), and 164.5 ± 1.7 Jg−1 of toughness (K). Quantitative scrutiny revealed that the well-ordered aligned nanofibers provide critical interphase, and this could be responsible for augmented tensile properties. Nonetheless, a pH-responsive and mechanically robust biocompatible thin-film system may show potential applications in the biomedical field.

Drug Delivery With Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanocarriers: Progress and Prospects

“…Although the polymer coating couldn't improve the activity of gemcitabine, this carrier successfully delivered gemcitabine. pH-responsive controlled release of DOX was observed from poly [N (4-aminophenyl)methacrylamide)]-carbon nanoonions (Mamidi et al, 2020). In this study, DOX released was controlled over 15 days and found 99.2% release in pH 4.5 compared with 59.3% in pH 6.5.…”

“…Ex-vivo mouse skin model represented the successful transdermal delivery of the nanocomposite hydrogel. The excellent drug loading efficiency of CNOs has been reported for several drugs like DOX (Mamidi et al, 2020), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (Mamidi et al, 2019), ibuprofen, and paracetamol (Miriyala et al, 2020). The large surface area, porosity, drug molecules-CNOs interaction (π-π stacking), and attachment with polymer matrix increase the loading efficiency of CNOs.…”

Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers from Biomass and Biomass Blends—Current Trends

“…CNOs are a niche product that has not been explored as much as other carbon nanostructures and offer many advantages, unlike other carbon nanostructures. They exhibit lower toxicity, have one of the exceptional biocompatibilities and are, therefore, of particular interest for medical and biotechnological applications, such as imaging, drug delivery, tissue engineering, sensing and as [177][178][179]. Excellent electrochemical performance is offered by CNOs due to their high surface area, the small size of the carbonoxygen functional groups and the micro-open 3D graphite structures.…”

Biomedical Applications of Quaternized Chitosan

“…The mechanical strength, Young’s modulus and maximum strain were compared to the unmodified, N-alkylated and quaternized chitosan films, which are well depicted in Figure 4 . Unmodified chitosan film exhibited higher mechanical strength compared to quaternized (N-dodecyl chitosan) and alkylated (butyl chitosan) in order of 44.0 Mpa > 38.3 Mpa > 13.4 Mpa, respectively [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”