Carbon nanofiber screen printed electrode joined to a flow injection system for nimodipine sensing

Can the mechanical activation (polishing) of screen-printed electrodes enhance their electroanalytical response?

“…1,2 In light of this, the field of screen-printed electrodes is ever emerging; various carbon forms (particularly graphite), gold and any other working electrode materials can be printed onto inexpensive substrates and, due to their scales of economy, produce cost-effective electrochemical sensing platforms. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] For example, graphite screen-printed sensors have been applied to the detection of a diverse array of analytes; such as novel psychoactive substances, 17,18 Rohpy-nol®, 19 pindolol, 20 atropine, 21 clonazepam in serum and in wine, 22 nimodipine in pharmaceutical formulations 23 and chemical markers indicative of both cystic fibrosis 24 and tuberculosis 25 for potential use in breath sensing, as well as many other analytes of both clinical and environmental interest. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Screen-printed sensors are often modified to improve their electrochemical response with the addition of various metal compounds, 37,38 nanoparticles [39][40][41] and even organic substrates,…”

An Overview of Recent Electroanalytical Applications Utilizing Screen‐Printed Electrodes Within Flow Systems

“…[36] In all the aforementioned papers, very low LODs (� 0.004 μmol L À 1 ) were obtained for the analysis of pesticides in natural water samples. In addition, in 2015, FIA-SPE methods were also explored for the determination of analytes such as methimazole, [17] nimodipine, [37] biotin, [15] pioglitazone, [38] oxicams derivatives, [39] H 2 O 2 , [14,40] nitromethane, [41] glucose, [42] 3hydroxyanthranilic acid, [43] bromate, [44] phosphate through monitoring of an electroactive complex obtained by the reaction between phosphate and molybdate, [45] and iodide. [46] During the year 2016, the possibility of determination of free chlorine, [47] hydroquinone, [48] labile copper, [49] Cr(VI), [50] and zinc phenolsulfonate [24] were reported.…”

“…[81] Similar to FIA, BIA systems also allow for Gaussian shapes to be obtained via the injection of small solution volumes (10 to 150 μL). However, this is possible without the use of tubes and connections (without leaks or air bubbles), pumping systems, [13] Hydrogen peroxide Hair colorant and milk CNTSPE modified with metal NPs 20 450 [14] Biotin PF SPCE modified with horseradish peroxidase 0.008 13 [15] Paracetamol Naproxen PF SPCE and MWCNTSPE 0.4 0.3 90 [16] Methimazole Human serum and PF SPCE modified with (IrOxNPs) and tyrosinase 0.004 36 [17] Paraoxon Drinking, river and lake water SPGE modified with butyrylcholinesterase and PB NPs 0.004 NR [18] Gallic acid White and red wine SPEÀ Au-SAM/AuNPs-Linker/ Fullerenols/TvL 6.5 14 [34] Chlorpyriphos-oxon Malaoxon Milk SPCE modified with acetylcholinesterase 0.000005 19 [35] Organophosphate insecticide Lake water Carbon paste SPE modified with enzyme magnetic beads 0.003 18 [36] Nimodipine PF Carbon nanofiber SPE 0.08 NR [37] Pioglitazone PF SPE modified with MWCNT -polyvinyl chloride 0.8 90 [38] Oxicam derivatives PF, plasma and urine SPE modified with MWCNT -b-cyclodextrin 0.6 240 [39] [42] 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid Urine AuSPE modified with MIPs 0.02 225 [43]…”

“…In all the aforementioned papers, very low LODs (≤0.004 μmol L −1 ) were obtained for the analysis of pesticides in natural water samples. In addition, in 2015, FIA‐SPE methods were also explored for the determination of analytes such as methimazole, nimodipine, biotin, pioglitazone, oxicams derivatives, H 2 O 2 , nitromethane, glucose, 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid, bromate, phosphate through monitoring of an electroactive complex obtained by the reaction between phosphate and molybdate, and iodide …”

3D-Printed Flow Cells for Aptamer-Based Impedimetric Detection of E. coli Crooks Strain

“…3D printing technology not only opened the door to the production of small batches or prototypes in a short amount of time, it also allows researchers to create individually designed experimental setups and devices of almost unlimited complexity, leaving them no longer reliant on commercially available goods. There are several reports on custom cell systems, for example, made of methyl methacrylate material or glass, that supported electrochemical measurements [10,60]. However, traditional manufacturing methods are often disadvantageous as they involve time-consuming process steps that often require special training, resulting in an overall laborious and cost-intensive process.…”