Carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors: an overview

Abstract

Carbon materials on the nanoscale exhibit diverse outstanding properties, rendering them extremely suitable for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors. Over the past two decades, advances in this area have continuously emerged. In this review, we attempt to survey the recent developments of electrochemical biosensors based on six types of carbon nanomaterials (CNs), i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, carbon nanofibers, nanodiamonds and buckminsterfullerene. For each material, representative samples are introduced to expound the different roles of the CNs in electrochemical bioanalytical strategies. In addition, remaining challenges and perspectives for future developments are also briefly discussed.

Synthesis of graphene and related two-dimensional materials for bioelectronics devices

“…Numerous efforts have been made to detect heavy metal ions based on graphene and its derivatives (Ambrosi et al 2014;Gao and Duan 2014;Novoselov et al 2004;Novoselov et al 2005;Pumera et al 2010;Wang and Dai 2015).…”

Electrocatalytic processes promoted by diamond nanoparticles in enzymatic biosensing devices

“…Nowadays, the employment of different kinds of nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes or graphene, in the development of electrochemical biosensors is a field of great interest [1,2]. These nanomaterials present important characteristics that contribute to increase the performance of the biosensing devices.…”

Preparation of N-Doped Nanoporous Carbon from Crude Biomass and its Electrochemical Activity

“…27 Nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon (NNPC) can be a potential candidate in electrochemical sensing because of its high speci¯c surface area, various pore sizes and doping of nitrogen element. 5,12,14,[28][29][30] Here, we report the preparation of N-doped NPC from Typha orientalis and explored its properties in electrochemical sensing. The product showed huge potential in the application of electrochemical sensing, indicated by linear relationship between H 2 O 2 concentration and the responding current signal.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Among them, nanoporous carbon (NPC) can be a potential candidate in electrochemical sensing because of its high speci¯c surface area, various pore sizes and structures. 5,6 So far, great progress has been made in the preparation of NPC. Many methods, such as KOH activation, high temperature calcination and acid etching have been applied to prepare the NPC.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Especially, N-doped carbon has received increased attention in electrochemistry. 5,[15][16][17][18][19] For example, nitrogen-doped graphene has been developed as a promising Pt-free catalyst in the application of oxygen reduction reaction. The nitrogen-doped graphene exhibited a typical onestep, four-electron pathway and has excellent stability compared with the Pt catalyst.…”