Carbon nanopores for DNA sequencing: a review on nanopore materials

Abstract

In the past decades nanometer-scale pores have been employed as a powerful tool for sensing biological molecules. In pursuit of such a technology, a variety of nanotechnology-based approaches have been...

Moving dynamics of a nanorobot with three DNA legs on nanopore-based tracks

“…Moreover, the nanopore length is fixed as L p = 90 Å to allow that most nucleotides of one ssDNA chain can be hold by a nanopore. Despite significant advancements in nanopore fabrication technologies due to their growing applications, 88,89 producing tiny pores with small distances (≤96 Å) remains challenging. Nevertheless, recent utilization of electron beam shrinking technology has allowed the fabrication of a nanopore array with a given pore–pore distance.…”

Advancements in defect engineering of two-dimensional nanomaterial-based membranes for enhanced gas separation

“…2(c)). 46–48 Celebi and colleagues initially grew graphene with minimal defects and optimal particle connectivity via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to prevent adverse crack formation. Subsequently, focused ion beam (FIB) drilling was used to create nanopores (ranging from 14 nm to 1 mm in diameter using Ga-based FIB, and 10 nm diameter holes using He-based FIB), leading to porous membranes.…”

Selective Capture and Manipulation of DNA through Double Charged Nanopores

“…27−30 However, DNA sequencing with single base resolution using these materials has still been unsuccessful. 20 These nanopores are often much thicker than the length of nucleotide bases, making it difficult for them to read individual nucleotide information from long strands of DNA. The sensitivity of the nanopore sequencing technology needs to be further improved.…”

“…Long ago, several dielectric films (such as Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , TiO 2 and SiN x ) have been used as support films for the preparation of solid state nanopores . Later, SiO 2 , polymers, MoS 2 , hBN, WS 2 and MXenes were also used for nanopore applications. − However, DNA sequencing with single base resolution using these materials has still been unsuccessful . These nanopores are often much thicker than the length of nucleotide bases, making it difficult for them to read individual nucleotide information from long strands of DNA.…”

“…Specifically, it has a short lifetime. Another challenge of biological nanopores is their limited pore size . Therefore, in fourth-generation DNA sequencing, solid state nanopores − are of more interest than biological nanopores because they have high stability in a wide range of analytical solutions and environments and have greater robustness and process-ability than biological nanopores .…”