Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Array for Ultrasensitive DNA Detection

Li, Jun; Ng, Hou T.; Cassell, Alan M.; Fan, Wendy; Chen, Hua; Ye, Qi; Koehne, Jessica E.; Han, Jie; Meyyappan, M.

doi:10.1021/nl0340677

Cited by 640 publications

(459 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[35] On the other hand, the as-grown single-and multi-walled nanotubes, using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), display much lower surface coverage (10 7 −10 9 tubes cm −2 ) and upon drying they may collapse. [125] To overcome this, researchers have first impregnated the nanotube array with either SiO 2 [125] or polymeric materials [28] and then exposed MWNT tips by electrochemical etching or polishing (Fig. 3b 4 ).…”

Section: Amperometric and Voltammetric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

2007

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The unique electronic and optical properties of carbon nanotubes, in conjunction with their size and mechanically robust nature, make these nanomaterials crucial to the development of next-generation biosensing platforms. In this Review, we present recent innovations in carbon nanotube-assisted biosensing technologies, such as DNA-hybridization, protein-binding, antibody-antigen and aptamers. Following a brief introduction on the diameter-and chirality-derived electronic characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes, the discussion is focused on the two major schemes for electronic biodetection, namely biotransistor-and electrochemistry-based sensors. Key fabrication methodologies are contrasted in light of device operation and performance, along with strategies for amplifying the signal while minimizing nonspecific binding. This Review is concluded with a perspective on future optimization based on array integration as well as exercising a better control in nanotube structure and biomolecular integration.

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Section: Amperometric and Voltammetric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 Recent SWNT-FET biosensor configuration tabulated against receptor, target, detection limit, and signal amplification. [28,125] …”

Section: Future Outlook and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

2007

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“…The partial etching can be performed by either oxygen plasma (82) or partial dissolution of the PC using a mixture of ethanol and dichloromethane (105). The use of nanowire ensembles together with suitable redox indicators (104,106,107) has been demonstrated to be useful for improving the sensitivity for the electrochemical detection of DNA duplexes. This example illustrates how NEEs can be used advantageously for advanced bio-electroanalytical sensing.…”

Section: Electroanalysis With Neesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template Deposition of Metals

Ugo

Moretto

2007

Handbook of Electrochemistry

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Template synthesis is a relatively simple and easy procedure which has made the fabrication of rather sophisticated nanomaterials accessible to almost any laboratory. Template synthesis requires access to instrumentation capable of metal sputtering and electrochemical deposition. The characterization of the fabricated nanostructures can be done using instrumental techniques including spectrophotometry, voltammetry, optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electronic microscopies (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)).The method is based on the simple but effective idea that the pores of a host material can be used as a template to direct the growth of new materials. Historically, template synthesis was introduced by Possin (1) and refined by Williams and Giordano (2) who prepared different metallic nanowires with widths as small as 10 nm within the pores of etched nuclear damaged tracks in mica. It was further developed by Martin's group (3-5) and followed by others (6) with the number of examples and applications (7) continually increasing. The nanoporous membranes usually employed as templates are alumina or track-etched polymeric membranes which are widely used as ultrafiltration membranes. Recently, metal nanostructures have also been obtained using the pores created by self-assembly in block copolymer structures under the influence of electric fields and high temperatures (8, 9).The first part of this section focuses on the main characteristics and fabrication techniques used for obtaining templating membranes and depositing metal nanostructures by suitable electroless and electrochemical procedures. Methods such as sol-gel (10-12) or chemical vapor deposition (10, 13), which have been used primarily for the template deposition of carbon, oxides, or semiconducting-based materials, will not be considered here in detail. The second part of the section focuses on the electrochemical properties of the fabricated nanomaterials with emphasis on the characteristics and applications of nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs). Templating membranes 16.2.2

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“…Average CNT height and diameter were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to be approximately 5-8 µm and 100 nm, respectfully. A complete characterization of the growth process has been previously reported [4][5][6][7][8]. shows a cross-section of the CNT array after completion of the fabrication process.…”

Section: Cnt Nanoarray Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vertical carbon nanotubes must be encased in a stabilizing matrix prior to the fabrication of the microfluidic channels that will deliver the analyte. In the past, thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as a stabilizing matrix, which requires the use of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) to planarize the electrode surface and expose the tips of the carbon nanotubes [4][5][6][7][8]. The high temperature CVD TEOS process and accompanying CMP can make this technique expensive, time consuming, and incompatible with other processing requirements for on-chip fluidic channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characterization of parylene-embedded carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays

et al. 2006

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A novel parylene-embedded carbon nanotube nanoelectrode array is presented for use as an electrochemical detector working electrode material. The fabrication process is compatible with standard microfluidic and other MEMS processing without requiring chemical mechanical polishing. Electrochemical studies of the nanoelectrodes showed that they perform comparably to platinum. Electrochemical pretreatment for short periods of time was found to further improve performance as measured by cathodic and anodic peak separation of K 3 Fe(CN) 6 . A lower detection limit below 0.1 µM was measured and with further fabrication improvements detection limits between 100 pM and 10 nM are possible. This makes the nanoelectrode arrays particularly suitable for trace electrochemical analysis.

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Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Array for Ultrasensitive DNA Detection

Cited by 640 publications

References 19 publications

Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

Template Deposition of Metals

Electrochemical characterization of parylene-embedded carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays

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