Carbon nanotubes and fullerites in high-energy and X-ray physics

Abstract

It is demonstrated that the unique structures of carbon nanotubes and single-crystals of C 60 fullerenes may have applications to X-ray, neutron and high-energy particle physics, based on channeling, Bragg diffraction and coherent radiation. These are reviewed, pointing out the peculiarities and advantages of nanocrystals compared to ordinary crystals. New applications are explored: X-rays and neutron channeling, undulator radiation in periodically bent nanotubes, "channeled" transition radiation. Quantum and classical channeling, channeling in bent nanocrystals, Bragg scattering of X-rays and neutrons, chan neling radiation, coherent bremsstrahlung, parametric X-ray and nanotube undulator radiation are particularly studied using both analytical and Monte-Carlo methods. Continuous potentials, electron densities, transverse energy levels, and spectra of various types of coherent radiation are calcu-lated. Large dechanneling lengths of positive particles, bending efficiencies, reflecting coefficients of soft X-rays and PXR yields are predicted. Principles of particle detectors using photo-and secondary electron emissions are discussed.

Radiation of relativistic particles for quasiperiodic motion in a transparent medium

“…The aim of our consideration is the application of the equations obtained in the previous section to the calculations of radiation processes in a transparent medium. Note that many peculiarities of similar processes were discussed in earlier papers [17,18,19,20,25,26,31,32,33] In the general case the relations obtained here for radiation in a medium are valid, at the condition of a small influence of this media on the quasiperiodic particle motion. The different processes (multiple scattering, ionization energy losses and others) can modify the motion of particles and they should be investigated separately.…”

Dynamic polarization effects on the angular distributions of protons channeled through carbon nanotubes in dielectric media

“…Previously reported simulations of ion channeling in carbon nanotubes [25,26,27] paid virtually no attention to the effects of dynamic polarization of the nanotube valence electrons. However, this process is expected to contribute to the ion energy loss and to give rise to strong image forces on the medium-energy ions [28], as was recently demonstrated in the computer simulations of angular distributions of protons channeled through chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes in vacuum [29].…”

Dynamic van der Waals interaction of a moving atom with the walls of a flat slit

“…4 2014 we consider nanoscopic slits of width not more than several tens of nanometers. In the approximation being considered, the inter action of a moving particle with the fluctuation elec tromagnetic field of the slit is characterized by the nor mal (conservative) component (2) where d = d sp + d in is the total fluctuation particle dipole momentum consisting of the spontaneous and induced components, E = E sp + E in is the summed electric field strength created within the slit by spon taneous and induced fluctuations, and angular brack ets mean total quantum statistical averaging. All of the quantities appearing in (2) are calculated on the basis of the formalism developed in [7] and in the reference frame associated with the plates at rest.…”

“…Advances in the realms of the synthesis and appli cations of nanostructures, such as fullerenes, nano tubes, and graphene shells, have quickened interest in problems associated with the interactions of charged particles and x rays with these and other materials as they propagate in nanoscopic channels and slits [1][2][3]. When neutral atoms and nanoparticles move in such channels, the interaction with the walls is due in the major part of the cross section to the van der Waals force, which, in addition to the velocity independent component, develops dynamic components depend ing on the particle velocity.…”