Carbon nanotubes as carriers of Panax ginseng metabolites and enhancers of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 anti-cancer activity

Lahiani, Mohamed H.; Eassa, Souzan; Parnell, Charlette M.; Nima, Zeid A.; Ghosh, Anindya; Biris, Alexandru S.; Khodakovskaya, Mariya

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/28/1/015101

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the present study, the Rg1 was administrated to CD34+CD38-LSCs, with the typical LSC phenotype [18,19,33]. The findings showed that Rg1 reduced the proliferation rate of CD34+CD38-LSCs, which was consistent with the findings from a previous study [34]. Also, the results of the evaluation of the cell cycle showed that Rg1 triggered G1 phase cell cycle arrest, which suggests that the effects of Rg1 on inhibition of cell proliferation of CD34+CD38-LSCs were induced by G1 phase arrest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Ginsenoside Rg1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Markers of Cell Senescence in CD34+CD38– Leukemia Stem Cells Derived from KG1α Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Activating the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) Signaling Pathway

et al. 2020

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Background: Clinical relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with the reduced treatment response of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ginseng derivative, ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), on CD34+CD38-LSCs derived from KG1a human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Material/Methods: CD34+CD38-LSCs were isolated from KG1a human acute myeloid leukemia cells by cell sorting. CD34+CD38-KG1a LSCs were divided into the control group and the Rg1 group (treated with Rg1). The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay evaluated the proliferation of CD34+CD38-KG1a LSCs and flow cytometry studied the cell cycle. The mixed colony-forming unit (CFU-Mix) assay and staining for senescence-associated betagalactosidase (SA-b-Gal) evaluated cell senescence. Expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) were evaluated using Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: CD34+CD38-KG1a LSCs were isolated at 98.72%. Rg1 significantly reduced the proliferation of CD34+CD38-KG1a LSCs compared with the control group (p<0.05). Cells in the G0/G1 phase were significantly increased, and cells in the G2/M and S phase were significantly reduced compared with the control group (p<0.05). Rg1 significantly increased SA-b-Gal and reduced CFU-Mix formation compared with the control group (p<0.05), significantly down-regulated SIRT1 expression in CD34+CD38-KG1a LSCs compared with the control group (p<0.05), and significantly reduced TSC2 expression in CD34+CD38-KG1a LSCs compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Rg1 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell senescence markers in CD34+CD38-KG1a LSCs by activating the SIRT1/TSC2 signaling pathway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Ginsenoside Rg1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Markers of Cell Senescence in CD34+CD38– Leukemia Stem Cells Derived from KG1α Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Activating the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) Signaling Pathway

et al. 2020

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“…The anticancer activities of Panax ginseng have been demonstrated by several studies (34,35). Ginsenosides, a group of bioactive compounds of Panax ginseng, exhibit anticancer activities (36,37). GRh2 has been demonstrated to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and prevent tumor growth and metastasis (24)(25)(26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 exerts anti-cancer activity through the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells

2018

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Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 (GRh2) is a bioactive compound derived from ginseng that is believed to maintain health in traditional Chinese medicine. Emerging evidence has suggested that GRh2 exhibits anti‑cancer activity. The present study hypothesized that GRh2 has an anti‑cancer function in human cervical cancer cells. An MTS assay demonstrated that GRh2 attenuated proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. In addition, GRh2 inhibited migration and invasion, as determined by wound healing and transwell invasion assays, respectively. Furthermore, GRh2 treatment reduced expression of mesenchymal markers N‑cadherin and vimentin as well as epithelial mesenchymal transition transcriptional factor zinc finger E‑box‑binding homeobox 1 and snail1, and increased the protein expression levels of epithelial marker E‑cadherin. In addition, the results revealed that GRh2 prevented activation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β signaling pathway in HeLa cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that GRh2 inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation by targeting the Akt pathway, and prevents cervical cancer cell migration and invasion by suppressing the Akt/GSK3β regulated EMT process, and therefore, GRh2 may have the potential to be a novel anti‑cancer agent for cervical cancer.

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“…Specific characteristics such as purity and details of characterization of tubular CBNs were described in previous publications (Lahiani et al . , b). SWCNHs used in tests were synthesized and characterized in Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory as described by Lahiani et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and carbon nanotubes activate different cell surface receptors on macrophages before and after deactivation of endotoxins

Lahiani

Gokulan

Williams

et al. 2017

J of Applied Toxicology

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Nanomaterial synthesis and handling in a non-sterile environment can result in the final product becoming contaminated with bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharides (LPB). During toxicological testing, the effects caused by endotoxin-contaminated nanomaterials can be misinterpreted in the end-point analysis (such as cytotoxicity and immune responses) and could result in erroneous conclusions. The objective of this study was twofold: (i) to test different carbonbased nanomaterials (CBNs) [pristine graphene and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)] for the presence of endotoxin and develop strategies for depyrogenation, and (ii) to compare the immune response exhibited by macrophages after exposure to native CBNs versus depyrogenated CBNs. The gel-clot limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) and chromogenic-based LAL assays were used to detect endotoxins. Results revealed that the CBNs contained greater amounts of endotoxin than are approved by major regulatory agencies (0.5 EU ml À1). Three repeated cycles of autoclaving reduced the endotoxin in the test materials. Macrophages were incubated with pyrogenated and depyrogenated pristine graphene and MWCNTs to test differences in phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and expression of genes involved in macrophage activation. The uptake of depyrogenated CBNs was significantly reduced as compared with pyrogenated CBNs. Exposure of macrophages to depyrogenated CBNs resulted in a distinct pattern of gene expression for TLR signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, and downstream signal transduction molecules. Furthermore, macrophages exposed to both types of CBNs showed the downregulation of TLR5 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. The results of this study reaffirm that assessment of endotoxin and other bacterial contamination is critical when evaluating the cellular toxicity of nanomaterials. Published 2017. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

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Carbon nanotubes as carriers of Panax ginseng metabolites and enhancers of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 anti-cancer activity

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Ginsenoside Rg1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Markers of Cell Senescence in CD34+CD38– Leukemia Stem Cells Derived from KG1α Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Activating the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) Signaling Pathway

Ginsenoside Rg1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Markers of Cell Senescence in CD34+CD38– Leukemia Stem Cells Derived from KG1α Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Activating the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) Signaling Pathway

Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 exerts anti-cancer activity through the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells

Graphene and carbon nanotubes activate different cell surface receptors on macrophages before and after deactivation of endotoxins

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