Carbon Paste Electrodes

Determinação de paracetamol em produtos farmacêuticos usando um biossensor de pasta de carbono modificado com extrato bruto de abobrinha (Cucurbita pepo)

“…Métodos espectrofotométricos 3 também são citados na literatura, além de métodos espectroeletroquímicos 4 que são utilizados para determinação dos compostos, bem como acompanhamento dos mecanismos de reação, além dos procedimentos de análise por injeção em fluxo 5 e voltamétricos 6,7 . O primeiro eletrodo de pasta de carbono 8 foi desenvolvido, em 1958, na tentativa de preparar um eletrodo de carbono renovável para ser usado em uma ampla faixa de potenciais positivos onde o eletrodo de mercúrio metálico não é aplicável devido à sua oxidação. No entanto, o primeiro eletrodo de pasta de carbono modificado com enzima (glicose oxidase) foi proposto apenas no final da déca-da de 80 9 , e desde então vários biossensores foram desenvolvidos usando diversos materiais biológicos [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Analysis of sulfamethoxazole by square wave voltammetry using new carbon paste electrode

“…An irreversible two-electron oxidation voltammetric peak appeared in both cases when 0.005 mol L -1 SMX was present in the solution [29,40]. Also, much lower background current that was obtained for the CPE as compared with the solid glassy carbon, suggests that the proposed CPE electrode could be more sensitive for SMX oxidation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The higher background current observed for the glassy carbon electrode in Figure 5B stems from the oxygen evolution [43].…”

“…Ralph Norman Adams introduced CPE in 1958 [6][7][8][9]. This electrode consists of a mixture of carbon powder and a non-electroactive liquid binder and offers a broad potential window, low residual current (background), unique surface characteristics, low cost, and versatile preparation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Nafion® as advanced immobilisation substrate for the voltammetric analysis of electroactive microparticles: the case of some artistic colouring agents

“…This technique is based on the principle that the electrochemistry of microparticles of electroactive solid material can be studied through their immobilisation on the electrode surface, recording the electrochemical response of the system electrode/particle/electrolyte [10]. The contact analyte/electrode can also be achieved by mixing small amounts of the solid material with graphite powder and a binder (either electrolytic or not) in the typical carbon paste electrodes [11][12][13] or by transferring the solid sample by abrasion to the surface of paraffinimpregnated graphite electrodes [14]; this technique is also called "abrasive stripping voltammetry". The voltammetry of microparticles has been introduced as analytical technique for works of art during the last decade, and a comprehensive view as well as a recent review is available in the literature [15,16].…”