Carbonaceous multiscale-cellular foams as novel electrodes for stable, efficient lithium–sulfur batteries

Depardieu, Martin; Janot, Raphaël; Sánchez, Clément; Bentaleb, Ahmed; Gervais, Christel; Birot, Marc; Demir‐Cakan, Rezan; Backov, Rénal; Morcrette, Mathieu

doi:10.1039/c4ra03110e

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Hierarchically porous and monolithic carbon foams are of major industrial and scientific importance on account of their high specific surface areas, resistance to chemical attack, reasonably high electrical and thermal conductivities, extremely light weight as opposed to metal foams, low thermal expansion coefficient, low cost and abundant precursors, and the like. They are widely used as (i) reactors and supports for catalysts, (ii) electrodes in electroanalytical studies and electrochemical devices like batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells, (iii) adsorbents for gases, organic solvents and metal ions, (iv) containers in heat exchangers, (v) electromagnetic shields and so on. Mostly, carbon foams are prepared by blowing inert gases through polymer melts and coals during pyrolysis or by simply carbonizing ready‐made polymer foams .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams

et al. 2016

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Hierarchically porous carbon foams with specific surface areas exceeding 600 m 2 g À1 can be derived from polystyrene foams that are synthesized via water-in-oil emulsion templating. However, most styrene-based polymers lack strong crosslinks and are degraded to volatile products when heated above 400 o C. A common strategy employed to avert depolymerization is to introduce potential crosslinking sites such as sulfonic acids by sulfonating the polymers. This article unravels the thermal and chemical processes leading up to the conversion of sulfonated high internal phase emulsion polystyrenes (polyHIPEs) to sulfur containing carbon foams. During pyrolysis, the sulfonic acid groups (-SO 3 H) are transformed to sulfone (-C-SO 2 -C-) and then to thioether (-CÀS-C-) crosslinks. These chemical transformations have been monitored using spectroscopic techniques: in situ IR, Raman, X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Based on thermal analyses, the formation of thioether links is associated with increased thermal stability and thus a substantial decrease in volatilization of the polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams

et al. 2016

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“…Therefore, strategies on how to design the porous structures of electrode scaffolds to improve the mechanical properties and support higher loading of AMs are in critical need. Carbon foams and porous carbon frameworks with small pores provide a good solution to the above issue . For example, Zhang and co‐workers reported a type of porous carbon foam based on CMK‐3 hard template for LTO anode as shown in Figure a .…”

Section: Controlling Both Etn and Itn In Composite Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Building Robust Traffic Networks in Advanced Energy Storage Devices: A Focus on Composite Electrodes

Wang

Min

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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portable electronics, cell phones, electrical vehicles (EVs), aerospace, etc. For advanced batteries, higher and higher energy density and/or power density, long cycling stability, good device safety, and low-cost are the primary goals. Since the energy density is mainly dependent on the specific capacity and loading level of active materials (AMs), AMs usually dominate the volume and weight inside the batteries. Because of this, tremendous efforts have been focused on high-performance AMs. However, the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices (ESDs) is fundamentally determined by a collective contribution or teamwork of all the components: AMs, electrolyte, separator, conductive agent, binders, etc. More importantly, with the increasing interests on high-capacity AMs (e.g., silicon, sulfur, Li-rich cathode, etc.), it becomes very clear that the "traffic system" (i.e., the charge transport system) plays very critical roles in the performance of the high-capacity AMs. Take silicon anode for example, a durable and flexible conductive network inside the electrode composite has been vital for addressing the big volume change issue. In this case, high-performance binders and conductive agent that can generate advanced conductive network are the keys. [2] In addition, with the increasing interests on EVs and flexible electronics, building a powerful and robust charge transport system inside ESDs is an urgent and critical task to support fast charging/ discharging capability and even flexibility of ESDs. In short, with the fast development of energy storage technologies, EVs, cell phones, etc., there is a critical, urgent, and challenging task on building powerful and durable charge transport system in next-generation advanced ESDs. Charge Transport Inside ESDsThe thriving of big cities highly relies on a powerful traffic system that transports the people, foods, products, etc. Similar to this picture, ESDs are powered by the transportation of charges, including both ions and electrons. As illustrated in Figure 1a, one can analogize the charge transport system and AMs in the electrodes of ESDs to the traffic system and buildings (i.e., host system of people), respectively. This analogy example not only help to explain the relationship between The charge transport system in an energy storage device (ESD) fundamentally controls the electrochemical performance and device safety. As the skeleton of the charge transport system, the "traffic" networks connecting the active materials are primary structural factors controlling the transport of ions/electrons. However, with the development of ESDs, it becomes very critical but challenging to build traffic networks with rational structures and mechanical robustness, which can support high energy density, fast charging and discharging capability, cycle stability, safety, and even device flexibility. This is especially true for ESDs with high-capacity active materials (e.g., sulfur and silicon), which show notable volume change during cycling. Therefore, there is an ur...

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“…The large variety of preparation techniques used to synthesize these materials has allowed researchers to obtain a collection of porous monoliths exhibiting different properties which render them suitable to a range of applications. These materials act as candidates as adsorbents (Zhuang et al, 2009), catalyst supports (Chai et al, 2004;Park et al, 2003), electrocatalyst supports (Liu et al, 2006), electrodes for batteries (Brun et al, 2012;Depardieu et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2007;Liang et al, 2009), and double-layer capacitors (Pandolfo and Hollenkamp, 2006). Apart from enhancing the functionality and the performance of these porous materials, one of the current challenges in this field is the substitution of petrochemicals with bio-sources for the preparation of the target materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Life cycle assessment of producing emulsion-templated porous materials from Kraft black liquor – comparison of a vegetable oil and a petrochemical solvent

Foulet

Birot

Sonnemann

et al. 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Carbonaceous multiscale-cellular foams as novel electrodes for stable, efficient lithium–sulfur batteries

Abstract: Porous carbon foams were prepared by pyrolysis of a phenolic resin by a dual template approach using silica monoliths as hard templates and triblock copolymers as soft templating agents.

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams

Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams

Strategies for Building Robust Traffic Networks in Advanced Energy Storage Devices: A Focus on Composite Electrodes

Life cycle assessment of producing emulsion-templated porous materials from Kraft black liquor – comparison of a vegetable oil and a petrochemical solvent

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