Carbonyl levels in indoor and outdoor air in Mexico City and Xalapa, Mexico

Báez, A.; Padilla, Hugo; Garcı́a, Rocı́o; Torres, Ma. del Carmen B.; Rosas, Irma; Bélmont, R.

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00344-3

Cited by 118 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Formaldehyde was found to be the dominant carbonyl in BC with mean concentration of 40 mg m À3 , nearly two times higher than others. This high level of formaldehyde can be ascribed to the directly emission from the new indoor materials in BC including wood products, carpet, leather, paint, etc., which can emit significant amount of formaldehyde (Carlier et al, 1986;Ba´ez et al, 2003). Compared with taxis and buses (except for BB buses), subways had a lower indoor carbonyls level with mean total concentration of 98.5726.3 mg m À3 .…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequently observed effects of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are eye and lung irritation (WHO, 2000). Also, formaldehyde, acrolein and acetaldehyde are suspected carcinogens (Zhang et al, 1994;Ba´ez et al, 2003). Recently, some studies were conducted to assess personal exposure to carbonyls but just bounded in the microenvironments such as residential houses, museum, office rooms and ballrooms, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, some studies were conducted to assess personal exposure to carbonyls but just bounded in the microenvironments such as residential houses, museum, office rooms and ballrooms, etc. (Zhang et al, 1994;Ba´ez et al, 2003;Feng et al, 2004;Marchand et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of carbonyl compounds in public vehicles of Beijing city: Concentrations, sources, and personal exposures

Pang

2007

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of carbonyl compounds in public vehicles of Beijing city: Concentrations, sources, and personal exposures

Pang

2007

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Indoor carbonyl concentrations have been measured worldwide in various microenvironments, such as hospitals (Yu and Crump, 2006), temples (Ho and Yu, 2002), academic institutes (Cavalcante et al, 2005;Crump et al, 2005;Yamashita et al, 2011), subway stations and tunnels , residential buildings (Crump et al, 1997;Huang et al, 2011), shopping centers (Tang et al, 2009), hotels (Feng et al, 2004;Chan et al, 2011), cinemas (Weng et al, 2009), offices (Yu and Crump, 2000;Ongwandee et al, 2009), museums (Báez et al, 2003) and photocopy centers . However, such an evaluation is still not comprehensive on the Mainland of China (Wang et al, 2007), which has an urgent need for specialized research because of the large changeability in meteorological conditions and human behavior observed in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Cheng

Bai

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Risk assessment for indoor formaldehyde and other carbonyls was investigated at an university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Eight representative locations, including six indoor workplaces and two residential units of staff apartments and a student dormitory, were chosen. The indoor pollution origins were identified according to the variability in molar composition and correlation analysis for the target species. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), cooking activities, and office technologies such as printers and copiers can produce different degrees of carbonyls in the workplace. A one-year demonstration study conducted in a apartment showed significance of the off-gases from lacquers and new wooden furniture. The concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the most sampling locations were above the recommended exposure limits, reflecting a potential health risk to workers and occupants. Chronic daily intake (CDI) and lifetime cancer hazard risk (R) were calculated to assess the carcinogenic risks of chronic exposure to the carbonyls. The R values for formaldehyde exceeded the alarm level of 1 × 10 -6 in all sampled workplaces, but lower R values were associated with acetaldehyde. The results indicate that exposure of formaldehyde is a critical occupational health and safety concern. In addition, high risks associated with formaldehyde were also measured in the staff apartment, suggesting that the refurbishing materials and wooden furniture can potentially cause health impacts to occupants. The findings are informative to be referred in establishment of indoor air quality guidelines in China.

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“…In the frame of the AIRMEX study (Geiss et al, 2011) where a variety of volatile organic compounds were measured in public buildings, schools and private houses in various European cities, median acetone concentrations of 19.5 µg/m 3 and 31 µg/m 3 were measured for offices/classrooms and private houses respectively. Baez et al (2003) measured acetone levels ranging from 17 to 89 µg/m 3 (arithmetic mean) in private houses, museums and offices in Mexico City and Xalapa. During the "Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA) study" (Liu et al, 2006) a median acetone concentration of 8 µg/m 3 was measured in 353 private houses in the United States.…”

Section: Determination Of Acetone Concentration Under Realistic Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Air Freshening Diffusers Based on Isopropyl Alcohol - A Major Source of Acetone Indoors

Geiss

Cacho

Barrero-Moreno

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Air fresheners are used in indoor environments for perfuming the ambience and/or masking unpleasant smells. There are several types of air fresheners on the market including those belonging to the family of catalytic diffusers. The fuel of these devices is frequently 2-methylpropanol, which, while operating, is oxidised to acetone. The acetone emission of a catalytic diffuser was measured for two fragrances under controlled laboratory conditions as well as in a private household. Emission rates were 530 mg/h and 660 mg/h respectively. Acetone concentrations of approximately 700 µg/m 3 were measured in a private household three hours after the diffuser was extinguished. Besides isopropyl alcohol, one of the two fragrances contained 2-methylpropanol as a fuel component, which is oxidised to 2-methylpropanal. The emission rate for 2-methylpropanal was 11 mg/h. Catalytic diffusers containing isopropyl alcohol as fuel were identified as being a major indoor source of acetone. Although not a legal requirement, the secondary formation of acetone should be included in product information along with a list of product constituents. As an alternative, a less easily oxidisable solvent could be used.

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Carbonyl levels in indoor and outdoor air in Mexico City and Xalapa, Mexico

Cited by 118 publications

References 18 publications

Characteristics of carbonyl compounds in public vehicles of Beijing city: Concentrations, sources, and personal exposures

Characteristics of carbonyl compounds in public vehicles of Beijing city: Concentrations, sources, and personal exposures

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Catalytic Air Freshening Diffusers Based on Isopropyl Alcohol - A Major Source of Acetone Indoors

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