Carbothermal synthesis of titanium nitride

White, G. V.; MacKenzie, Kenneth J.D.; Johnston, James H.

doi:10.1007/bf00541554

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2. For the direct reaction, TiO is stable between 1000 and 2200 K. For the indirect reaction, the Gibbs free energy of formation varies between positive and negative values depending on the temperature, with TiN becoming stable >1000 K. This indirect reaction was studied by White et al 11) , who experimentally con rmed the formation of TiN at 1423 K. Furthermore, the directions of both reactions are thermodynamically determined by the N 2 partial pressure, and are dependent on the equilibrium constants of the reactions 10) . For example, upon heating the direct reaction to 1800 K, the partial pressure of N 2 is 1 atm and that of O 2 is 2.6 × 10 −12 atm; thus, TiN stabilization by control of the atmosphere alone is dif cult.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Titanium Dioxide to Metallic Titanium by Nitridization and Thermal Decomposition

Seki

Yamaura

2017

Mater. Trans.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Titanium Dioxide to Metallic Titanium by Nitridization and Thermal Decomposition

Seki

Yamaura

2017

Mater. Trans.

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“…A further decrease in temperature to 800 ЊC The carbothermic reduction of TiO 2 has been examined on was achieved using FeTiO 3 (the industrial precursor of TiO 2 ) numerous occasions, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] primarily as part of a study of the as the titanium source, suggesting that iron has a beneficial commercially important Becher process, where FeTiO 3 is role. [19] However, both of these reactions use elemental reduced to iron and TiO 2 , which then undergoes further boron, which is expensive, and the product requires a subsereduction to phases of the general formula Ti n O 2nϪ1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical enhancement of the carbothermic formation of TiB2

Welham

2000

Metall Mater Trans A

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A mixture of rutile, boron oxide, and graphite has been mechanically milled for 1, 10, and 100 hours with the intention of forming titanium diboride during subsequent thermal treatment. The resultant powders were examined after isothermal annealing by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the effect of milling on the formation of TiB 2 . No reaction was found to occur during milling, even for milling times of 100 hours. Annealing of the milled samples resulted in the formation of TiB 2 at temperatures as low as 1000 ЊC for the 100 c-hour milled powder. The reaction mechanism during thermal processing changed with milling time, with TiBO 3 predominant in samples milled for Ͼ1 hour, whereas Ti n O 2nϪ1 phases predominated for 1 hour of milling. Titanium carbide became an increasingly abundant intermediate phase with longer milling times, but was converted to TiB 2 at high temperatures. The annealed products showed the presence of acicular crystals of TiB2, with those from 1 hour of milling being somewhat larger than those for longer milling times, where submicron particles were formed. This was attributed to the presence of a larger fraction of molten B 2 O 3 compared to the longer-milled powders where TiBO 3 predominated.

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“…4 Ω -1 cm -1 [106][107][108]. Good electronic conductivity of TiN with high surface area has also attracted its interest for use in supercapacitors [109,110].…”

Section: ) Titanium Nitride (Tin)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Structure And Properties of Electrochemically Active Nanocomposites

Kim¹

2003

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. AbstractThe need for miniaturization of high-speed and high-power devices to meet consumer demand for easy access and portability has placed stringent demands on the energy requirements. There is therefore a need for high-energy density lightweight energy storage systems to meet these challenging demands of portable devices. The Liion battery since its commercialization by Sony in 1990 is still the major choice of rechargeable energy source for portable consumer electronic devices such as camcorders, laptops and cellular phones. Since 1990 however, the materials systems used in Li-ion batteries have considerably matured. The area of cathodes has witnessed considerable research activity and a number of systems have been identified with potential capacities for use in high-energy systems. In the area of anodes however, graphite still appears to be the material of choice. There is therefore a need to identify alternative electrochemically active anode systems better than carbon that could be competitive with existing and advanced cathode systems of the future while at the same time meeting the challenges posed by high-energy devices.Several metals are known to react with lithium to form useful anode materials exhibiting high capacity for Li-ion battery application. However, the cycle life of these materials is generally poor since the large volume changes (≅ 300~600 %) caused by the reaction of lithium with these metals inevitably leads to decrepitation, cracking and iii Tin-based nanocomposites on the other hand, have been synthesized by pyrolyzing the precursors generated by the infiltration of organotin compounds such as tetraethyl tin into mechanically milled PS-resin. The Sn/C electrodes exhibit a promising initial discharge capacity of ~480mAh/g that lowers to a value of 460 mAh/g after 30 cycles. The nanocomposite consists of spherical nano-particles of tin (~200nm) dispersed in amorphous carbon particles determined by TEM analysis. Results of the studies so far have shown that Sn and Si-based nanocomposites appear to be quite promising anode systems for Li-ion application.iv

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Carbothermal synthesis of titanium nitride

Cited by 69 publications

References 10 publications

Reduction of Titanium Dioxide to Metallic Titanium by Nitridization and Thermal Decomposition

Reduction of Titanium Dioxide to Metallic Titanium by Nitridization and Thermal Decomposition

Mechanical enhancement of the carbothermic formation of TiB2

Synthesis, Structure And Properties of Electrochemically Active Nanocomposites

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