Carboxyhemoglobin Levels in American Blood Donors

Stewart, Richard D.; Baretta, Edward D.; Platte, Leigh R.; Stewart, Elizabeth B.; Kalbfleisch, John H.; Yserloo, Barbara Van; Rimm, Alfred A.

doi:10.1001/jama.1974.03230470029019

Cited by 127 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…5 The values of the present study are very close to those cited in the Vogt study but differ sightly in that the correlations between reported levels of smoking among the 94 cigarette users in that study were higher for both expired air CO levels (r = .48) and serum thiocyanate (r = .48). In addition, although the sensitivities and specificities were not reported in the earlier study, calculations from their …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

A comparison between carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate determinations as indicators of cigarette smoking.

Cohen¹,

Bartsch²

1980

Am J Public Health

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Cigarette smoking histories were compared to carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate concentrations obtained from 426 smokers and 191 non-smokers. The mean levels of both carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate were significantly higher among cigarette smokers and correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The specificity of both procedures was 81 per cent, and serum thiocyanate had a higher sensitivity (93 per cent vs. 83 per cent), making it potentially more suitable for use as an index of cigarette smoking. (Am J Public

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

A comparison between carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate determinations as indicators of cigarette smoking.

Cohen¹,

Bartsch²

1980

Am J Public Health

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“…However, the effects of urbanization were relatively small as compared to that due to cigarette smoking (11). The levels reported by Radford are lower than those previously noted (12). Differences in the methods of measurement of carboxyhemoglobin, better delineation of smokers from nonsmokers and differences in the population sample may be factors which account for these differences or possibly improvement in air quality.…”

Section: (3)mentioning

confidence: 63%

Epidemiological bases for the current ambient carbon monoxide standards.

Kuller¹,

Radford²

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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Carbon monoxide is widely distributed in the environment, and acute or chronic toxic effects may be of considerable public health significance. A review of the basis for current ambient standards is given. Mortality and morbidity studies have been negative or equivocal in relating carbon monoxide levels to health effects, but studies in human subjects with compromised coronary or peripheral circulation support an effect of acute exposure to CO at blood levels equivalent to about 20 ppm over several hours. It is possible that some of the cardiovascular effects of smoking may be related to the high levels of CO in cigarette smoke, but it has been difficult to isolate the contribution of CO independent of the effects of other smoke constituents.

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“…Additionally, mild CO poisoning is an unavoidable consequence of cigarette smoking (36). The usefulness of CO as a tool is enhanced by the fact that unlike hypoxia (H), mild CO exposure does not stimulate the carotid body and does not result in an increase in cardiac output or ventilation (33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mild carboxy-hemoglobin on exercising skeletal muscle: intravascular and intracellular evidence

Richardson

Noyszewski

Saltin

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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. Effect of mild carboxy-hemoglobin on exercising skeletal muscle: intravascular and intracellular evidence. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283: R1131-R1139, 2002. First published July 11, 2002 10.1152/ ajpregu.00226.2002We studied muscle blood flow, muscle oxygen uptake (V O2), net muscle CO uptake, Mb saturation, and intracellular bioenergetics during incremental single leg knee-extensor exercise in five healthy young subjects in conditions of normoxia, hypoxia (H; 11% O2), normoxia ϩ CO (COnorm), and 100% O2 ϩ CO (COhyper). Maximum work rates and maximal oxygen uptake (V O2 max) were equally reduced by Ϸ14% in H, COnorm, and COhyper. The reduction in arterial oxygen content (CaO 2 ) (Ϸ20%) resulted in an elevated blood flow (Q) in the CO and H trials. Net muscle CO uptake was attenuated in the CO trials. Suprasystolic cuff measurements of the deoxy-Mb signal were not different in terms of the rate of signal rise or maximum signal attained with and without CO. At maximal exercise, calculated mean capillary PO2 was most reduced in H and resulted in the lowest Mbassociated PO2. Reductions in ATP, PCr, and pH during H, COnorm, and COhyper occurred earlier during progressive exercise than in normoxia. Thus the effects of reduced CaO 2 due to mild CO poisoning are similar to H. exercise; metabolism; CO toxicity; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; 31 P; maximal O2 consumption; intracellular partial pressure of O2 THE STRONG AFFINITY of carbon monoxide (CO) for Hb has afforded researchers the opportunity to measure Hb mass and blood volume (5), examine O 2 transport (12, 18), and most recently to manipulate blood Hb levels while independently manipulating arterial PO 2 to study the control of skeletal muscle blood flow (9). Additionally, mild CO poisoning is an unavoidable consequence of cigarette smoking (36). The usefulness of CO as a tool is enhanced by the fact that unlike hypoxia (H), mild CO exposure does not stimulate the carotid body and does not result in an increase in cardiac output or ventilation (33). However, the validity of using CO in vascular research and the clinical consequences of mild CO poisoning are highly dependent on the magnitude of the diffusive movement of CO from the vascular to intracellular space and the subsequent intracellular consequences of any such movement.In favor of limited CO movement and consistent with the normal physiological function of CO disposal (as a catalytic byproduct of heme), the ligand affinities for CO are the reverse of those for O 2 . Hence, Mb has a higher CO affinity than cytochrome oxidase and Hb has a higher affinity than myoglobin (Mb). Additionally, on the basis of the high affinity Hb has for CO, the major driving force for CO movement (CO partial pressure in the blood) should theoretically remain low with a mild level of Hb-CO. Despite this concept, both researchers and clinicians concern's regarding the exposure of muscle to CO have revolved around the effect of CO on O 2 transport by interfering with Mb-facilitated O 2 diffusion and the metabol...

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Carboxyhemoglobin Levels in American Blood Donors

Cited by 127 publications

References 9 publications

A comparison between carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate determinations as indicators of cigarette smoking.

A comparison between carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate determinations as indicators of cigarette smoking.

Epidemiological bases for the current ambient carbon monoxide standards.

Effect of mild carboxy-hemoglobin on exercising skeletal muscle: intravascular and intracellular evidence

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