Carboxymethyl chitosan reduces inflammation and promotes osteogenesis in a rabbit knee replacement model

Abstract

Background The major causes of failure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include prosthesis loosening and infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) in knee arthroplasty. Methods A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits that were divided into two groups (10 in the control group and 10 in the chitosan group) were included in the study. They underwent TKA surgery, and all were implanted with titanium rod prostheses; the prosthesis in the chitosan group was coated with CMC. After 12 weeks, all rabbits were euthanized, and the following analyses of some specific surface membrane tissues around the prosthesis were performed: X-ray analysis; micro-computed tomography scan; haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, and Von Kossa staining; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; and Western Blotting. Results The result of CCK8 test showed CMC can promote cell proliferation and increase cell viability. Radiological result showed better amount of bone deposits and more bone formation in the chitosan group. HE staining result showed CMC reduces inflammation around the prosthesis. The VG and Von Kossa staining results showed CMC can promote bone deposition around prosthesis. And according to the results of PCR and WB, the OCN content was higher in the chitosan group, while the MMPs content was lower. The chitosan group has an increased OPG/RANKL ratio than the control group. Conclusion CMC can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response around the prosthesis and osteoclast activation and promote osteogenesis by interfering with the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β signalling pathway.

Dose-Effect Relationship of Chitosan and Danshen Combined Injection for Fallopian Tube Recanalization

“…Chitosan, in correct proportions, can allow the release of drugs more slowly ( Iftime et al, 2020 ). It can also inhibit inflammatory responses effectively ( Liu et al, 2020 ), prevent post-injection adhesions ( Liu et al, 2017 ) and fibrosis ( Chung et al, 2016 ; Hassan et al, 2019 ), enhance collagen synthesis, promote revascularization ( Shukla et al, 2021 ), and promote fallopian tube cilia repair. Cross-linked medium molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles are nontoxic, well-tolerated, and could, therefore, be a good candidate as a novel drug delivery system for improved therapeutic effects ( Sethi et al, 2021 ).…”

Application Progress of Modified Chitosan and Its Composite Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Results showed that when CS-based spheres exhibited the ability to guide bone repair and osteoinduction they stimulated osteogenesis by recruiting osteoprogenitor cells [ 55 ]. Feng Liu et al investigate the role of CMCS in knee arthroplasty [ 56 ]. Data confirmed that CMCS could effectively inhibit the inflammatory response around the prosthesis and osteoclast activation and promote osteogenesis by interfering with the osteoprotegerin and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand or the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-Β signaling pathway.…”

Influence of Monocalcium Phosphate on the Properties of Bioactive Magnesium Phosphate Bone Cement for Bone Regeneration

“…Based on its characteristics of high early strength and rapid curing, it has good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of researchers exploring bioactive bone scaffolds [ 7 ]. MPC can be fabricated by mixing magnesium oxide (MgO) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) as solid components.…”