Carboxypeptidases cathepsins X and B display distinct protein profile in human cells and tissues

Cysteine protease cathepsin X modulates immune response via activation of β2 integrins

“…15 In this regard, it has been proposed that via constitutively active Mac-1 on macrophages, in contrast to functionally inactive Mac-1 on dendritic cells, antigen presentation in vivo is restricted to dendritic cells. 15 As shown in our previous study, the localization of cathepsin X in macrophages differs from that in dendritic cells, 17 which may have an impact on different regulation of Mac-1 receptors in the two cell types.…”

“…Cathepsin X has been shown to be expressed mostly in the immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and its role in phagocytosis and the regulation of antigen presentation has been proposed. 17 Whereas in U-937 pro-monocytes its localization was intracellular vesicular, in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated U-937 cells, cathepsin X was restricted predominantly to the cell membrane. 16 The binding of cathepsin X to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, known as partners of integrins in focal adhesion formations, and the integrin-binding motifs, present in pro-(RGD) and in mature forms (ECD) of cathepsin X further suggest a function this enzyme might have in cell signaling and adhesion.…”

“…Neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to cathepsins X (2F12) and B (2A2) were prepared from mouse hybridoma cell lines as reported. 17,18 PHA activation of PBMC Isolated PBMC cells were washed once with PBS and labelled with carboxy-fluorescein-diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) according to the manufacturer's protocol (Human CFSE) Flow Kit, Renovar Inc., WI 19 ). 2 · 10 6 PBMC were resuspended in 2Á5 ml of complete RPMI-1640 medium and 25 ll of PHA was added according to the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Differential gene expression profiles of neurothekeomas and nerve sheath myxomas by microarray analysis

“…These genes are involved in extracellular matrix growth and remodeling, and cell adhesion in fibroblasts and macrophages (Table 6). [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] There were relatively few statistically significant genes differentially expressed between neurothekeomas and cellular fibrous histiocyomas, and between nerve sheath myxomas and schwannomas. For neurothekeomas and cellular fibrous histiocytomas, these genes primarily included various collagen proteins.…”

“…[27][28][29] Neurothekeomas expressed genes that primarily encoded glycoproteins and metalloproteinases, often from macrophages and fibroblasts involved in matrix growth and remodeling, angiogenesis and mesenchymal cell differentiation. [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] The S100B gene was the most significantly differentially expressed gene between nerve sheath myxomas and neurothekeomas. This further provides molecular support for recent work reporting negative S100 protein staining by immunohistochemistry in neurothekeomas of all subtypes.…”