Carburization of type 316L stainless steel in static sodium

Carburization behavior of AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel – Experimental studies and modeling

“…Even though carbon in sodium can exist in the form of atomic carbon, carbides, carbonitrides or cyanides [28], contribution from atomic carbon alone was considered since it is the most important species in sodium [29]. Initially calculations were performed to determine the change in total carbon concentration in the matrix using a model based on Fick's second law of diffusion [27].…”

Determination of residual stress gradient in a Ti-stabilized austenitic stainless steel cladding candidate after carburization in liquid sodium at 500 °C and 600 °C

“…lt is well known that the mechanical properties of steels such as the ductility or the fracture strain are reduced after carburization (1-3). The carburization of stainless steel after exposure to nuclear grade liquid sodium con taining carbon was extensively studied in the past (4,5) and more recently (6)(7)(8)(9). Ti-stabilized austenitic stainless steel AIMl, a stain less steel cladding candidate for control rods, formed a carburized zone after 1000 h of exposure in carburizing liquid sodium at tem peratures of 500 °c and 600 °c (8,9).…”

The influence of stacking fault energy on plasticity mechanisms in triode-plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steels: Implications for the structure and stability of nitrogen-expanded austenite

“…Low temperature thermochemical diffusion modification of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) was originally identified as an unanticipated corrosion induced carbon transportation mechanism Ð and thus a topic of interest (and of concern) − by the nuclear power industry in the early 1960s [1][2][3][4][5][6] but, as reviewed recently by Somers and Christiansen [7], was subsequently investigated systematically in the open literature from the 1980s as a potential solution to the poor tribological performance of ASS [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The unusual crystallographic structures observed after treatment, and the remarkable enhancement of surface mechanical/tribological properties that these structures provided (without loss of corrosion resistance), led to a drive to try to understand their origin.…”