Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metal(oid)s in tap water from Ilam city, Iran

Fakhri, Yadolah; Saha, Narottam; Ghanbari, Sahebeh; Rasouli, Milad; Miri, Ali; Avazpour, Moayed; Rahimizadeh, Aziz; Riahi, Seyed-Mohammad; Ghaderpoori, Mansour; Keramati, Hassan; Moradi, Bigard; Amanidaz, Nazak; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.039

Cited by 96 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In Italy (eg, Toscana, Lombardia, Lazio, Campania), As concentrations in drinking water were chronically between 20 and 50 μg L −1. In important agricultural areas of Mexico, total As levels in the drinking water ranged from 2.7 to 98.7 μg L −1, while in west of Iran, ranged from 3.5 to 62 μg L −1 and in India ranged from 0.1 to 569 μg L −1. According to the World Health Organization ‐ WHO, 0.01 mg L −1 corresponds to the tolerable concentration of As in drinking water, since there are practical difficulties in withdrawing it from drinking water when in concentrations below this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Medeiros

Samelo

Silva

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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For the first time, juvenile toxicity of inorganic arsenic (As) was investigated in male rats, focusing on reproductive effects. As is a metalloid naturally occurring in the environment, being the inorganic forms the most toxics. Contaminated drinking water and agricultural products are the main prospectors of intoxication for general population. In the present study, Wistar male rats (21 days old) were distributed into three groups (n = 10/group): control (received vehiclefiltered drinking water), As1 (received AsNaO 2 at 0.01 mg L −1 ) and As2 (received AsNaO 2 at 10 mg L −1 ). The animals were euthanized on PND 53. Testicular damages increased in As1 and As2 compared to control (ie, presence of vacuolization, acidophilic cells, and epithelium degeneration). Testicular interstitium of As1 and As2 presented fluid's increase and intense inflammatory infiltration. In the epididymis there was reduction of sperm amount in the lumen, besides epithelium areas presenting cribriform aspect in As1 and As2, exfoliation of cells in the light (in As1) and vacuoles (in As2). In epididymis interstitium, inflammatory infiltrates were observed in initial segment of As1 and As2. AsNaO 2 changed immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor in epididymis of As2, although serum testosterone levels was statistically comparable to control. Mass spectrometry revealed higher As concentrations in testis and epididymis of As2 compared to As1 and Control. These results indicate compromise of spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in AsNaO 2 -treated animals, possibly impairing sperm quality and fertility in long-term, even at low levels of exposure. Investigations about the reversibility of reproductive damages are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of As reproductive toxicity. K E Y W O R D Sexperimental study, histopathology, juvenile toxicity, metalloid 1 | INTRODUCTION Arsenic (As) is an element occurring naturally in the environment, chemically classified as metalloid. It can be found under organic and inorganic forms, being the inorganic the most toxic and prevalent in drinking water and aquatic environments. 1,2 The natural sources of As contamination in groundwater is often originated from the mobilization of natural deposits in rocks, sediments, soils, and geothermal water. 3 However, As contamination occurs mainly through a variety of anthropogenic activities, such as industry activity, copper smelting, As-bearing pesticides and herbicide and mining. 4 It is estimated that approximately 150 million people around the world are affected by increasing concentrations of As in drinking water. 5 In this concern, unintentional As exposure of populations from Bangladesh,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Medeiros

Samelo

Silva

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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“…where HI is hazard index; i is the exposure pathway of each metal. When HI > 1, it indicates that human health may be adversely effected by heavy metals (Qu et at., 2018;Rehman et al, 2018;Fakhri et at., 2018;Saha et al, 2017).…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessment From Exposure To Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total cancer risk for adult and children were estimated by sum of cancer risks through ingestion and dermal exposure. The acceptable levels of cancer risk prescribed by USEPA varies from 1x10 -6 to 1x10 -4 (Alves et al, 2014;Fakhri et al, 2018;Qu et al, 2018;Rehman et al, 2018;Saha et al, 2017). When the carcinogenic risk values are higher than 1x10 -4 , it indicates that heavy metals may pose adverse health hazard to local residents.…”

Section: Total Cancer Risk (Tcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and microbiological risk assessment of urban river water quality in Vietnam

Nguyen

Truong³

et al. 2019

Environ Geochem Health

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The concentrations of nutrients (NH4 + , NO2-, NO3and PO4 3-), COD, BOD5, coliform, turbidity and eight metals (As, Cd, Ni, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr) were investigated in surface water of the Nhue River and To Lich River, Vietnam for 7 years (2010-2017, except 2014). The results from 505 samples demonstrated that concentrations of all these contaminants showed significant spatial and temporal variations. The Nhue River water was seriously polluted by NH4 + (0.025-11.28 mg/L), PO4 3-(0.17-1.72 mg/L), BOD5 (5.8-179.6 mg/L), COD (1.4-239.8 mg/L) and coliform (1540-326470 CFU/100L); moderately polluted by As (0.2-131.15 μg/L) and Hg (0.11-4.1 μg/L); and slightly polluted by NO2-(0.003-0.33 mg/L) and Cd (2.1-18.2 μg/L). The concentrations of NH4 + , PO4 3-, COD, BOD5 and coliform exceeded the drinking water guidelines at all sites and exceeded the irrigation water standards at some locations. Regarding heavy metals, only As, Cd and Hg contents were higher than the permissible limits at some locations while others were below the guideline values. Risks of metals on human health were evaluated by using hazard index (HI) and cancer risk through ingestion and dermal contacts for adults and children. It indicated that As was the most important pollutant leading to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic concerns. The noncarcinogenic risks of As (HI 1.83-7.4 for adults and 2.6-10.5 for children) were higher than the acceptable values of 1.0 at all sites for both adults and children, while As posed significant carcinogenic risks for adults (1x10-4-4.96x10-4) but not for children (0.27x10-4-1.6x10-4). The study indicated that metals posed hazards mainly by oral intake in drinking water pathway.

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“…TTHQ value more than 1 shows the consumer population is at a significant risk of non-carcinogenicity, while TTHQ value less than 1, indicates insignificant risk for non-carcinogenicity [14] , [15] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dataset on non-carcinogenic risk via nitrate and nitrite in the groundwater of Divandarreh County, Kurdistan province, Iran: A potential concern for drinking

et al. 2018

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The presence of elevated nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) concentration in drinking water higher than the standard limits could endanger the health of consumers. For this data article, concentration of NO3- and NO2- was measured in 118 samples collected from 59 active rural wells in Divandarreh County and the non-carcinogenic risk in the adults and children was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The obtained data showed that the average concentration of NO3- and NO2- was ranges from 31.37 ± 18.87 mg/L and 1.45 ± 0.90 mg/L respectively. Based on acquired data, NO3- concentrations were 37 times higher than NO2- with significant p value of < 0.05. The average concentration of NO3- and NO2- was lower than the national standard with p value < 0.05. However, the concentration of NO3- and NO2- in 23.7% and 13.5% of wells was higher than the national standard of Iran. Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) in the adults and children was 1.78 and 1.54, respectively. Although, the average concentration of NO3- and NO2- in drinking water was lower than the national standard limits, but the non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the children and adults are at a significant risk via nitrate and nitrite in the rural Divandarreh County (TTHQ > 1).

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Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metal(oid)s in tap water from Ilam city, Iran

Cited by 96 publications

References 64 publications

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Chemical and microbiological risk assessment of urban river water quality in Vietnam

Dataset on non-carcinogenic risk via nitrate and nitrite in the groundwater of Divandarreh County, Kurdistan province, Iran: A potential concern for drinking

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