Carcinogenicity of a non-benzenoid hydrocarbon, azuleno[5,6,7-c,d]phenalene, and derivatives

Buu‐Hoï, Ng. Ph.; Giao, Nguyen Ba; Jutz, Christian

doi:10.1007/bf00593090

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Isomeric azulenophenalenes 2 - 4 (Figure ) which formally result from fusing a phenalene moiety with azulene are the nonalternant isomers of 1 . Azuleno[5,6,7- cd ]phenalene 2 was synthesized by Jutz and associates and was subsequently shown to be a strong carcinogen, comparable in metabolic activity to 1 . Azuleno[1,2,3- cd ]phenalene 3 and azuleno[4,5,6- cd ]phenalene 4 were later synthesized by Murata and co-workers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbocations (M + H)⁺ and Oxidation Dications (M²⁺) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study

Okazaki

Laali

2003

J. Org. Chem.

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The arenium ions of protonation and the two-electron oxidation dications derived from benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) 1 and three of its nonalternant isomers namely azuleno[5,6,7-cd]phenalene 2 (a strong carcinogen reported to be as potent as BaP) azuleno[1,2,3-cd]phenalene 3 (a strong mutagen/weak carcinogen), and azuleno[4,5,6-cd]phenalene 4 (a weak mutagen) were studied by DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The most favored sites for electrophilic attack were identified on the basis of relative protonation energies in the arenium ions. Computed NMR chemical shifts (GIAO NMR), the NPA-derived charges (and changes in charges), as well as NICS (and DeltaNICS) were employed to derive charge delocalization maps and to gauge relative aromaticity/antiaromaticity in the resulting carbocations and oxidation dications. Quantitative correlations between the experimental (superacid) (13)C data and GIAO chemical shifts, and between computed changes in charges and GIAO Deltadelta (13)C values were explored for benzo[a]pyrenium ion (1cH(+)) and its singlet oxidation dication (1(2+)) as representative cases. For the studied PAHs (1-4), formation of singlet dications were computed to be strongly favored except in 4 for which the triplet lies 5 kcal/mol lower than singlet. Relative carbocation stability data and the derived charge delocalization patterns are assessed in light of the available chemical and toxicological data on these compounds. The present study is the first of its kind to examine the carbocations and oxidation dications derived from biologically active nonalternant analogues of BaP for which no stable ion data are available. It also validates and extends the experimental data for BaP carbocation and oxidation dication and provides a means to gauge the success of GIAO NMR in predicting NMR data for PAH-arenium ions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbocations (M + H)⁺ and Oxidation Dications (M²⁺) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study

Okazaki

Laali

2003

J. Org. Chem.

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Polycyclic Arenes Containing Seven‐Membered Carbocycles

Cheung¹,

Miao²

2015

Polycyclic Arenes and Heteroarenes

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Synthese und Eigenschaften von Azuleno[1,2,3‐cd]phenalen

et al. 1975

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Carcinogenicity of a non-benzenoid hydrocarbon, azuleno[5,6,7-c,d]phenalene, and derivatives

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Carbocations (M + H)⁺ and Oxidation Dications (M²⁺) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study

Carbocations (M + H)⁺ and Oxidation Dications (M²⁺) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study

Polycyclic Arenes Containing Seven‐Membered Carbocycles

Synthese und Eigenschaften von Azuleno[1,2,3‐cd]phenalen

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Carcinogenicity of a non-benzenoid hydrocarbon, azuleno[5,6,7-c,d]phenalene, and derivatives

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Carbocations (M + H)+ and Oxidation Dications (M2+) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study

Carbocations (M + H)+ and Oxidation Dications (M2+) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study

Polycyclic Arenes Containing Seven‐Membered Carbocycles

Synthese und Eigenschaften von Azuleno[1,2,3‐cd]phenalen

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Carbocations (M + H)⁺ and Oxidation Dications (M²⁺) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study

Carbocations (M + H)⁺ and Oxidation Dications (M²⁺) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study