Carcinogenicity of ortho-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride in rats and mice by two-year drinking water treatment

Abstract

The carcinogenicity of ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PD) was examined by administrating o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (o-PD2HCl) in dinking water to groups of 50 F344/DuCrj rats and 50 Crj:BDF₁ mice of both sexes for 2 years. The drinking water concentration of o-PD2HCl was 0, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 ppm (wt/wt) for male rats; 0, 250, 500 or 1,000 ppm for female rats; 0, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 ppm for male mice; and 0, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm for female mice. Two-year administration of o-PD2HCl produced a dose-dependent increase in the incidences of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rats of both sexes and in female mice, and hepatocellular adenomas in male mice. In mice, the incidences of hepatocellular adenomas were increased at the lowest dose used in both males and females. Metastasis from hepatocellular carcinomas of rats occurred predominantly in the lung. Incidences of transitional cell papillomas and carcinomas in the urinary bladder were noted in male rats administered 2,000 ppm, together with an increased incidence of papillary and/or nodular hyperplasia of transitional epithelium. In mice, the incidence of papillary adenomas in the gall bladder, which is rare in mice, was increased in both males and females administered 2,000 ppm. Thus, o-PD is carcinogenic in two species, i.e., rats and mice of both sexes.

In vitro assessment of cobalt oxide particle dissolution in simulated lung fluids for identification of new decorporating agents

“…Whereas it should be noted that addition of OPD markedly increased the efficacy of ascorbate and EDTA, those combinations were not retained for the rest of the study due to the toxicity of OPD (Matsumoto et al, 2012).…”

The fabrication of a chemical sensor with PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites

“…Therefore, numerous research studies have claimed that 1,2-DAB has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in humans. 10,11 Besides this, 1,2-DAB is suspected as a serious environmental pollutant. On consideration of the health and environmental effects of 1,2-DAB, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has declared 1,2-DAB carcinogenic and environmentally hazardous.…”

Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing

“… 82 , 85 , 86 On the contrary, some epidemiologic studies observed no evidence of a causal association between occupational exposure to hair dyes and the increased risk for bladder cancer among male hairdressers. 87 , 88 Permanent hair dyes may contain o -phenylenediamine 89 29 and 4-chloro- o -phenylenediamine 30 ( Figure 1 ), 90 which have shown carcinogenicity in animal studies. These chemicals can lead to the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) that is a marker of oxidative stress.…”

“…Hair dyes contain arylamines; therefore, hairdressers and barbers are at risk of cancer from occupational exposure to arylamines. Findings demonstrate that individuals who pursue these occupations, particularly for longer than 10 years, experience a significantly increased risk of bladder cancer. ,, On the contrary, some epidemiologic studies observed no evidence of a causal association between occupational exposure to hair dyes and the increased risk for bladder cancer among male hairdressers. , Permanent hair dyes may contain o -phenylenediamine 29 and 4-chloro- o -phenylenediamine 30 (Figure ), which have shown carcinogenicity in animal studies. These chemicals can lead to the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) that is a marker of oxidative stress .…”