Carcinomatous Neuropathy and Myopathy a Clinical and Pathological Study

Henson, R. A.; Russell, Dorothy S.; Wilkinson, Marcia

doi:10.1093/brain/77.1.82

Cited by 212 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…With up to 5.5% of unselected cases seropositive by RIA with confirmatory retesting using 125 I-α-dendrotoxin alone (radioligand for Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.6 channels) [119] [144] [145], the test is unreliable as a screen for LE without further subtyping for LGI1 and Caspr2-IgG. And with up to 28% [3] [19] of seropositive VGKC sera reactive with LGI1 and/or Caspr2-IgG, there was a significant association between LGI1-IgG-positivity and cognitive impairment and seizures (P < 0.05), and Caspr2-IgG-positivity and peripheral motor excitability (P = 0.004) [3].…”

Section: Anti-vgkc-complex Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A decade earlier, Henson and coworkers [3] described a patient with subacute cerebellar degeneration and concomitant features of subacute motor neuronopathy prior to discovery of occult breast carcinoma. Postmortem examination showed spinal cord anterior horn cell loss accompanied by focal lymphocytic inflammation, crescentic anterolateral cord demyelination sparing pyramidal tracts, and Wallerian motor nerve degeneration in the legs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune Encephalitides

Younger¹

2017

WJNS

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Autoimmune encephalitis is a potentially severe disorder of the brain of diverse causes with a complex differential diagnosis. Recent advances in the past decade have led to the elucidation of new syndromes and biological markers transforming the approach to diagnosis and management of autoimmune encephalitis. Limbic encephalitis, the commonest form of autoimmune encephalitis, combines common presentations of cognitive, psychiatric, and epileptic disorders and has until recently been considered paraneoplastic or postinfectious in origin. The autoimmune encephalitides are clinically and histopathologically associated with serum and intrathecal antibodies to intracellular and surface neuronal antigens, and constituents of the limbic system neuropil. This has led to a reconsideration of a number of neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders as having shared mechanisms of origin. This chapter reviews their historical background, clinical presentation, laboratory evaluation, histopathology, diagnosis and management. KeywordsAutoimmune, Encephalitis, Hashimoto, Encephalopathy Historical PerspectiveCorsellis and colleagues [1] coined the term limbic encephalitis (LE) in 1968, noting a relation to bronchial cancer in three patients in the sixth to eighth decade of life, and showing close clinicopathologic similarity to cases described by Brierley and colleagues [2] six years earlier. All three cases had subacute temporal lobe seizures, neuropsychiatric, and memory disturbances for two years before death. Postmortem examination showed inflammatory lesions in limbic grey matter sections of the brain, especially in medial temporal lobe structures of the uncus and amygdala nuclei, and hippocampal, cingulum and dentate gyri. Case 2 had an undifferentiated non-metastatic lung carcinoma removed six months after onset of neurological symptoms, while two others had a clinically unsus- The formulation of the relation of GAD antibodies to SPS has been especially instructive in understanding how far the science of autoimmune neurologic disorder has advanced. In 1988, Solimena and colleagues [28] investigated the existence of non-paraneoplastic CNS autoimmunity in a patient with SPS, epilepsy and type-1 diabetes (T1D), and increased titers of oligoclonal CSF IgG. Both the serum and CSF produced identical intense staining of all gray-matter regions. GAD65 was thence an important autoantigen in T1D, being highly expressed in the cytoplasm of pancreatic β cells. GAD-derived peptides were presentable by main histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and recognized by CD8+ cells on the surface of β cells [29]. Activation of CD8+ GAD-specific T-cells further differentiated into memory cells suggesting a pathogenic role in T1D [30]. However, only patients with very high titers of GAD were associated with LE [31], and they typically presented with recent-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and intrathecal secretion, defining a form of non-paraneoplastic LE. Other patients within the SPS spectrum harbored antibodies agains...

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Section: Anti-vgkc-complex Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Encephalitides

Younger¹

2017

WJNS

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“…In 1954 Henson et al [15], examining the pathological findings in other patients, reported that in addition to the dorsal root ganglionitis there were inflammatory infiltrates and some cellular destruction in brain stem and spinal cord. Henson and colleagues [16] subsequently proposed the term "encephalomyelitis with carcinoma" many years later.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Hu Syndrome: A Model Paraneoplastic Disorder

Posner

1994

Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Its Impact on the Clinical Management of Brain Tumors

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“…5 Brain, Daniel, and Greenfield6 describe four cases of subacute cerebellar degeneration, three of which were found in association with carcinoma of the lung or ovary, and refer to two earlier cases described by Greenfield in 1934. That a wide range of unusual neurological disorders accompanies carcinoma with significant frequency is stressed by Henson and associates 3 in their large series of 19 cases, which comprises 5 cases of cerebellar disease, 3 of sensory neuropathy, 3 of polyneuritis, and 8 of neuromuscular disorders (muscular neuropathy and myopathy). This series also illustrates the predominance of the bronchus as the site of the accompanying tumor, since 17 of the 19 patients had a bronchial carci¬ noma.…”

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confidence: 96%

A Mental Syndrome Associated with Lung Carcinoma

McGovern¹

1959

Arch NeurPsych

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Carcinomatous Neuropathy and Myopathy a Clinical and Pathological Study

Cited by 212 publications

References 0 publications

Autoimmune Encephalitides

Autoimmune Encephalitides

The Anti-Hu Syndrome: A Model Paraneoplastic Disorder

A Mental Syndrome Associated with Lung Carcinoma

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