“…The incidence of EPSCC in North America is estimated to be between 0.1 and 0.4% [3]. EPSCC of the upper urinary tract, in particular, has had no more than 40 cases reported in the literature [4, 5]. The current knowledge of these rare tumors is limited, and treatment recommendations are mainly based on case reports, single-institution case series, or the extrapolation of results from pulmonary SCC [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].…”