Carcinosarcoma of the Gallbladder with Heterologous Differentiation: a Case Report

Primary spindle cell sarcoma of gallbladder

“…Apart from these cases, it might also have been due to the intrinsic complexity of sarcoma, technological complexity, and the lower influence of educational efforts [24] . We considered it difficult to differentiate between primary sarcoma, carcinosarcoma, and carcinoma of the gallbladder; therefore, we searched the literature and listed the main differences between the most common tumors of the gallbladder in Table 3 [25–29] . Recently, studies have shown that positron emission computed tomography scanning is useful in differentiating malignant from benign diseases when using various radiopharmaceutical agents to improve the detection and characterization of the pathophysiology of the disease [30] .…”

“…[24] We considered it difficult to differentiate between primary sarcoma, carcinosarcoma, and carcinoma of the gallbladder; therefore, we searched the literature and listed the main differences between the most common tumors of the gallbladder in Table 3. [25][26][27][28][29] Recently, studies have shown that positron emission computed tomography scanning is useful in differentiating malignant from benign diseases when using various radiopharmaceutical agents to improve the detection and characterization of the pathophysiology of the disease. [30] The fusion of positron emission computed tomography-acquired images with CT scans or MRI has significantly improved the overall diagnostic accuracy for sarcoma.…”

Carcinosarcoma with chondroid differentiation and neuroendocrine carcinoma: unusual triphasic tumour arising from intracholecystic papillary neoplasm of the gall bladder

“…Adsay et al defined ICPN as an exophytic intramucosal gallbladder mass (>1.0 cm) composed of dysplastic cells forming a lesion distinct from the adjacent mucosa 5. There are several small series and case reports of rare gallbladder malignancies who have reported on squamous, adenosquamous, neuroendocrine and carcinosarcomas of the gall bladder 6–8. The meta-analysis by Zhang et al and the subsequent reported cases revealed the most common epithelial and mesenchymal components in carcinosarcoma cases are adenocarcinoma and spindle-shaped cells, respectively 9.…”

Carcinosarcoma of the Gallbladder with Chondrosarcomatous Differentiation and Intracytoplasmic Eosinophilic Hyaline Globules (Thanatosomes): A Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

“…There were 30 cases, including the current one. The cases were collected from the world literature over 93 years dating back to 1925 [4–7, 13, 17–39]. There were 8 males and 21 females, with one case without available data on age and sex of the patient [19].…”

“…Their ages ranged from 38 to 91 years (Mean age 67 years). In addition to the presence of chondroid differentiation, twelve tumors showed additional osteoid differentiation [5, 7, 17, 21, 22, 25, 28, 31, 33, 36, 38, 39], two cases showed additional rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation only [7, 26], and one case showed additional both rhabdomyosarcomatous and osteoid differentiation [24]. Metastatic spread, particularly to the liver was documented in 18 cases (62%).…”