Cardanol-based thermoset plastic reinforced by sponge gourd fibers (Luffa cylindrica)

Abstract

SbstractA growing global trend for maximum use of natural resources through new processes and products has enhanced studies and exploration of renewable natural materials. In this study, cardanol, a component of the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), was used as a building block for the development of a thermosetting matrix, which was reinforced by raw and modified sponge gourd fibers (Luffa cylindrica). DSC and TG results showed that among biocomposites, the one reinforced by sponge gourd fibers treated with NaOH 10 wt% (BF10) had the highest thermal stability, besides the best performance in the Tensile testing, showing good incorporation, dispersion, and adhesion to polymer matrix, observed by SEM. After 80 days of simulated soil experiments, it has been discovered that the presence of treated fiber allowed better biodegradability behavior to biocomposites. The biobased thermoset plastic and biocomposites showed a good potential to several applications, such as manufacturing of articles for furniture and automotive industries, especially BF10.

Superparamagnetic nano-biocomposites for application as dielectric resonator antennas

“…The alkaline treatment of the sponge gourd fiber, the obtainment of the cardanol from technical CNSL, and the preparation of the prepolymer resol were previously described [12].…”

“…The curing of all the materials was carried out at room temperature in a chapel of exhaustion for a period of 48 h, to ensure the total release of DETA. Next, the materials were postcured in an oven at 100 C for 4 h. The choice of these conditions was defined based on previous study [12].…”

“…The nano-biocomposites were prepared from the combination of the thermorigid plastic derived from the cardanol, sponge gourd fiber treated with NaOH 10%, treatment defined in a previous study [12], and superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. For convenience, the nano-biocomposites impregnated with 1, 5, and 10% of magnetite nanoparticles will be called BMAG1, BMAG5, and BMAG10, respectively.…”

Synergistic Effects of Cardanol- and High Oleic Soybean Oil Vinyl Monomers in Miniemulsion Polymers

“…The incorporation of plant oil-based monomers in copolymerization with conventional petroleum-based counterparts provides several benefits to the final copolymers such as plasticizing properties, the elimination of coalescence aids in latex applications, reducing minimum film formation temperature and film-forming properties. The ability of fatty acid fragments to undergo autoxidation (due to presence of allylic double bonds in resulting macromolecules) after latex application and yield the crosslinked polymer networks can balance the mechanical properties of final latex products, which can be beneficial as well 13,17,20 .…”

Preparation and characterization of composites from plastic waste and sugar cane fiber

“…The incorporation of fiber have been widely investigated and used as reinforcement in polymer matrices such as sponge gourd fiber [4] , sisal [5] , curauá [5] , sugar beet pulp [6] and sugarcane bagasse fiber [7] . Acacia bark residues was used as reinforcing filler in polypropylene composite can produce higher impact properties and higher degradation temperature [8] .…”