Cardia and non‐cardia gastric cancer risk associated with Helicobacter pylori in East Asia and the West: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the region-specific relative risk of cardia/non-cardia gastric cancer (CGC/NCGC) associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and quantify its contribution to gastric cancer burden using population attributable fraction (PAF).Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were searched by two reviewers until April 20, 2022. The association between H. pylori infection and NCGC/CGC was assessed using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). PAF was calculated using the formula of H. pylori prevalence and the pooled OR.Results: One hundred and eight studies were included. A significant association was observed between H. pylori infection and NCGC in East Asia (OR, 4.36; 95% CI: 3.54-5.37) and the West (OR, 4.03; 95% CI: 2.59-6.27). Regarding CGC, a significant association was found only in East Asia (OR, 2.86; 95% CI: 2.26-3.63), not in the West (OR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.61-1.05). For studies with a follow-up time of ≥10 years, pooled ORs for NCGC and CGC in East Asia were 5.58 (95% CI: 4.08-7.64) and 3.86 (95% CI: 2.69-5.55), respectively. Pooled OR for NCGC was 6.80 (95% CI: 3.78-12.25) in the West. PAFs showed that H. pylori infection accounted for 71.2% of NCGC, 60.7% of CGC in East Asia, and 73.2% of NCGC in the West.Conclusions: Gastric cancer burden associated with H. pylori infection exhibits important geographical differences. Prolonged follow-up period could overcome the underestimation of the magnitude of the association between H. pylori infection and CGC/NCGC. Customized strategies for H. pylori screening and eradication should be implemented to prevent gastric cancer.

Bilibili, TikTok, and YouTube as sources of information on gastric cancer: assessment and analysis of the content and quality

“…The high costs and limited survival duration associated with treating gastric cancer significantly impact patients’ lives [ 26 ], causing widespread concern within society regarding health and well-being. A systematic review and meta-analysis showed significant geographical variation in the incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer [ 27 ]. Previous studies have shown that the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer vary in different regions, such as East Asia and Western countries [ 28 – 30 ].…”

Risk Factors of Gastric Cancer and Lifestyle Modification for Prevention

“…However, cardia gastric cancer rates are increasing. According to recent meta-analyses, H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer, regardless of the region [ 4 25 ]. However, when considering cardia gastric cancer, the association was statistically significant in East Asia with a relative risk of 2.86; however, it was not statistically significant in Western regions, where the relative risk was 0.80 [ 4 ].…”

Biofilm and Cancer: Interactions and Future Directions for Cancer Therapy

“…Gastric cancer was responsible for ~800,000 cancer-related deaths in 2020 [ 48 ]. Chronic Hp infection significantly increases the risk of developing gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma [ 49 , 50 ]. Hp can survive in the low pH of the stomach through its use of urease and pH-sensing BabA [ 51 ].…”