Cardiac Abnormalities in Youth with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Bacha, Fida; Gidding, Samuel S.

doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0750-6

Cited by 80 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Chronic proinflammatory cytokines are considered to be pathologic mediators of diabetogenic metabolic disorders, associated with insulin resistance and pancreatic islet cell death [8][9][10]21,22]. Recent studies have shown the participation of inflammasome complexes triggered by mechanisms able to sense specific metabolic-changed danger signals and control the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 in this aberrant proinflammatory response [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the maternal environment have received particular attention in the last decades as they can program permanent effects on the fetal physiology and metabolism. This fetal programming may result from different stimuli throughout pregnancy or at specific periods and increases the prevalence of coronary heart disease and diabetes, among many other conditions during adulthood [9]. Metabolic adaptations to fail or excess the fetal nutritional demand (as for glucose in diabetic pregnancies), stress, chronic and acute inflammation are some of the aspects that are being studied [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unbalanced expression of inflammatory mediators alter the maternal environment and metabolism during gestation and increase the potential for gestational systemic insulin resistance, participating in the development of DM2 and GDM [11][12]. Inflammation at the placental territory also contributes to the fetal developmental environment and therefore has been the subject of numerous studies in hyperglycemic gestations [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperglycemia induces inflammatory mediators in the human chorionic villous

et al. 2018

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This study was based on the hypothesis that IL-1β and its central regulator, the inflammasome, may play a role in the inflammatory condition exhibited by placental tissues from mothers with different gestational hyperglycemia levels. Pregnant women were classified according to the glycemic reference as non-diabetic (n = 15), mild gestational hyperglycemia (n = 15), gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 15) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 15). We investigated levels of pro-inflammatory factors in maternal plasma and placental tissues (by ELISA or immunohistochemistry) and, NFKB activity (by electrophoretic mobility shift assay) and inflammasome protein expression (by Western blot) in chorionic villous. Maternal plasma and placental levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) were increased during all hyperglycemic conditions. Villous stroma cells showed strong immunoreactivity to CD68. In addition, with syncytiotrophoblast, the villous stroma cells were also stained to detect iNOS, MCP-1, TLR2, and TLR4. Although the levels of protein had fluctuated in the groups, NLRP1, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase 1 were up-regulated in all hyperglycemic groups suggesting the inflammasome may be assembled in these pregnant women. The NFKB activity also exhibited higher levels in hyperglycemic groups, which might imply in pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In summary, increased maternal glucose levels during pregnancy changed systemic and placental inflammatory patterns, which occurred in parallel with the expression of inflammasome factors and processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. These results suggest an inflammatory condition in all gestational hyperglycemic conditions, even in hyperglycemia that is less severe than gestational or overt diabetes, likely associated with inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Inflammasome activation as a possible source of inflammatory factors may be an important target to be considered while managing hyperglycemia and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperglycemia induces inflammatory mediators in the human chorionic villous

et al. 2018

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“…Childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for diabetes (Bacha & Gidding, ), respiratory problems (Mohanan, Tapp, McWilliams, & Dulin, ), cardiovascular dysfunction (Cote, Harris, Panagiotopoulos, Sandor, & Devlin, ), and poor psychological health (Beck, ). Childhood obesity also tracks to adulthood, leading to an increased risk of later morbidity and mortality (Maffeis & Tato, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a core outcome set for childhood obesity prevention: A systematic review

Matvienko‐Sikar

Griffin

McGrath

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Synthesis of effects of infant feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity is limited by outcome measurement and reporting heterogeneity. Core outcome sets (COSs) represent standardised approaches to outcome selection and reporting. The aim of this review is to identify feeding outcomes used in infant feeding studies to inform an infant feeding COS for obesity prevention interventions. The databases EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO searched from inception to February 2017. Studies eligible for inclusion must examine any infant feeding outcome in children ≤1 year. Feeding outcomes include those measured using self-report and/or observational methods and include dietary intake, parent-child interaction, and parental beliefs, among others. Data were extracted using a standardised data extraction form. Outcomes were assigned to outcome domains using an inductive, iterative process with a multidisciplinary team. We identified 82 unique outcomes, representing nine outcome domains. Outcome domains were "breast and formula feeding," "introduction of solids," "parent feeding practices and styles," "parent knowledge and beliefs," "practical feeding," "food environment," "dietary intake," "perceptions of infant behaviour and preferences," and "child weight outcomes." Heterogeneity in definition and frequency of outcomes was noted in reviewed studies. "Introduction of solids" (59.5%) and "breastfeeding duration" (55.5%) were the most frequently reported outcomes. Infant feeding studies focus predominantly on consumption of milks and solids and infant weight. Less focus is given to modifiable parental and environmental factors. An infant feeding COS can minimise heterogeneity in selection and reporting of infant feeding outcomes for childhood obesity prevention interventions.

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“…[8] According to Bacha, longitudinal studies in adults show that obesity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and heart failure; an increment of 1 unit of body mass index increases the risk by 5% for men and 7% for women. [9] Adipose tissue is surrounded by an extensive capillary network, and after a meal, the adipose tissue blood flow increases. Adipose tissue is what makes up a majority of the total body weight, and a big amount of fluid can be seen in the interstitial space of the Section: Medicine adipose tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Complications and Management Options of Obesity

Patel¹,

Saleem²

2017

AIMDR

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Obesity is a disorder that consists of many factors, which has become a global epidemic since it is associated with various crucial diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke, sleep apnea, as well as other conditions. In order to manage obesity, a variety of strategies are taken into account in order to direct attention on those with current weight problems as well as those that are at a high risk of developing obesity. Therefore, obesity prevention should be focused during the early ages as there is a high risk of developing it in the later years. This article focuses on the risk factors of obesity as well as many preventive treatment options for obesity.

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Cardiac Abnormalities in Youth with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 80 publications

References 115 publications

Hyperglycemia induces inflammatory mediators in the human chorionic villous

Hyperglycemia induces inflammatory mediators in the human chorionic villous

Developing a core outcome set for childhood obesity prevention: A systematic review

Major Complications and Management Options of Obesity

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