Cardiac Amyloidosis in a Patient Presenting with Symptoms of Heart Failure

Abstract

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA); it can be referred to as a progressive cardiomyopathy that occurs as a result of the accumulation of endogenous proteins in the form of amyloid fibrils, whose folding is disrupted in the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal system, soft tissue and heart. The course of the disease depends on the involvement of the organs and treatment options depending on the source of the protein. Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis and transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis are the most common CA types. While AL amyloidosis is more common in the heart and kidney, TTR amyloidosis is more common in the heart. Although CA is not considered a common disease, TTR amyloidosis is observed in approximately 15% of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and severe aortic stenosis. CA diagnosis: it can be placed by echocardiography, magnetic resonance or nuclear scintigraphy methods. At the same time, genetic analysis, biopsy and histopathological tests are also useful for early diagnosis. After the diagnosis, antiplasma treatment or stopping the produced protein constitute the main lines of the treatment.