Cardiac and vascular features of arterial and venous primary antiphospholipid syndrome. The multicenter ATHERO-APS study

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“…In addition, previous studies reported the correlation between aPL titer and atherosclerosis. A higher titer means a higher incidence of atherosclerosis (12,13,56). Reciprocally, our results showed little difference in carotid artery morphology between patients with high aCL titer and medium/ low aCL titer.…”

Low-grade endotoxemia and risk of recurrent thrombosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome. The multicenter ATHERO-APS study

“…Besides LPS, diabetes was the only other factor independently associated with the risk of the composite thrombotic outcome during the follow-up. In PAPS the risk of ATE has been associated with the presence of classic cardiovascular risks factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia [11,12]: the increased oxidative stress characteristic of these conditions [34] adds to that of PAPS [25] enhancing the chance of atherosclerosis [35] and recurrent thrombosis [36].…”

“…The aims of the present study were as follows: i) to perform a baseline cross-sectional comparison of plasma LPS concentration and oxidative markers in PAPS patients, aPL carriers and healthy controls (CTRL); and ii) to prospectively evaluate the association between plasma LPS concentrations and the risk of thrombosis or re-thrombosis during a 5-year follow-up. [11,12]. In brief, the enrolment into the cohort was initiated in 2015 and finished in 2017.…”

A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors and Thrombophilia Evaluation in Venous Thromboembolism

“…APS may be primary or associated with systemic lupus erythematosus or other rheumatic diseases. VTE in APS typically occurs as DVT in the lower extremities; however, VTE in unusual locations, including hepatic veins, mesenteric veins, and cerebral veins are also common [116]. Amongst the antibodies, LAC is associated with this highest risk of VTE, with increasing risk with each subsequent positive antibody [117].…”